Interim report of the HELCOM CORESET project

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136 An EAC is the threshold beyond which “unacceptable effects” must be expected. The “effect” considered for EVD and NLH is the loss in condition factor (CF) that is associated with increasing FDI. Loss in CF is defi ned as the difference between the mean CF for FDI = 0 and the mean CF for an FDI > 0, expressed as percentage of the mean CF for FDI = 0. The EAC is then defi ned as that FDI value above which the loss in CF exceeds the acceptable amount (e.g. 10%). The essential point in this approach is that a link was established between a biomarker (fi sh diseases) and a relevant effect, in this case the loss in condition. Therefore an EAC could be based on loss in condition. With BAC and EAC available, the FDI results can be represented in the usual three-colour scheme, also on a map (see above). Deriving BAC and EAC for macroscopic liver neoplasm (MLN) and contaminant-specifi c liver histopathology (SLH) follows slightly different lines. As macroscopic liver neoplasms are themselves unacceptable effects, there is no need to employ a further effect for determining an EAC. Also, there is no point in defi ning a BAC, as each effect in the MLN and SLH category is unacceptable. The suitability of these BACs/EACs for fi sh disease monitoring and assessment in the Baltic Sea will be evaluated in the course of 2011 (prior to the 2012 meeting of ICES WGPDMO) and modifi cations will be done as required. Acknowledgements Research on the application of the Fish Disease Index (FDI) as indicators for the monitoring and assessment of environmental stressors (incl. contaminants) in the Baltic Sea has partly been funded by the EU Project BEEP Contract n° ECK3-CT2000-00025, and the BONUS+ Project BEAST. References Bucke, D. Vethaak, A. D. Lang, T. and Mellergaard, S. 1996. Common diseases and parasites of fi sh in the North Atlantic: Training guide for identifi cation. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences, 19. 27 pp. Dethlefsen, V. Egidius, E. and McVicar, A. H. 1986. Methodology of fi sh disease surveys. Report of an ICES Sea-going Workshop held on RV ‘Anton Dohrn’ 3-12 January 1984. ICES Cooperative Research Report, 140. 33 pp. Feist, S. W. Lang, T. Stentiford, G. D. and Köhler, A. 2004. The use of liver pathology of the European fl atfi sh, dab (Limanda limanda L.) and fl ounder (Platichthys fl esus L.) for monitoring biological effects of contaminants. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Science, 28: 47pp. HELCOM 1996. Third Periodic Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea, 1989- 1993; Background Document. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings N0 64 B. 252 pp. HELCOM 2002. Environment of the Baltic Sea area 1994-1998. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings N0 82 B. 215 pp. ICES. 1989. Methodology of fi sh disease surveys. Report of an ICES Sea-going Workshop held on RV U/F ‘Argos’ 16–23 April 1988. ICES Cooperative Research Report, 166. 33 pp. ICES. 1997. Report of the Special Meeting on the Use of Liver Pathology of Flatfi sh for Monitoring Biological Effects of Contaminants. ICES CM 1997/F:2. 75 pp. ICES. 2005. ICES Advice http://www.ices.dk/committe/acfm/comwork/report/2005/may/Technical%20 Annex%20to%20the%20review%20of%20WKIMON.pdf. ICES. 2006a. Report of the ICES/BSRP Sea-going Workshop on Fish Disease Monitoring in the Baltic Sea (WKFDM). ICES CM 2006, BCC:02, 85 pp. ICES. 2006b. Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO), ICES CM 2006/MCC:01, 104 pp. ICES. 2007. Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO), ICES CM 2007/MCC:04, 92 pp. ICES. 2008. Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO), ICES CM 2008/MCC:01, 128 pp.
ICES. 2009a. Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO), ICES CM 2009/MCC:01, 111 pp. ICES. 2009b. Report of the ICES/OSPAR Workshop on Assessment Criteria for Biological Effects Measurements (WKIMC), ICES CM 2009/ACOM:50, 133 pp. ICES. 2011. Report of the Working Group on Pathology and Diseases of Marine Organisms (WGPDMO), ICES CM 2011/SSGHIE:04. Lang, T. 2002. Fish disease surveys in environmental monitoring: the role of ICES. ICES Marine Science Symposia, 215: 202–212. Lang, T. and Mellergaard, S. 1999. The BMB/ICES Sea-Going Workshop ‘Fish Diseases and Parasites in the Baltic Sea’ – introduction and conclusions. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56: 129–133. Lang, T. Wosniok, W. Barsiene, J. Broeg, K. Kopecka, J. and Parkkonen, J. 2006. Liver histopathology in Baltic fl ounder (Platichthys fl esus) as indicator of biological effects of contaminants- Marine Pollution Bulletin 53: 488-496. Lang, T. and Wosniok, W. 2000. ICES data for an holistic analysis of fi sh disease prevalence. In ICES 2000, Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment, 1999, pp. 193–209. ICES Cooperative Research Report, 239. 277 pp. Lang, T. and Wosniok, W. 2008. The Fish Disease Index: a method to assess wild fi sh disease data in the context of marine environmental monitoring. ICES CM 2008/D:01, 13 pp. Myers, M. S. Rhodes, L. D. and McCain, B.B. 1987. Pathologic anatomy and patterns of occurrence of hepatic neoplasms, putative preneoplastic lesions, and other idiopathic conditions in English sole (Parophyrs vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 78, 333–363. Myers, M.S. Olson, O.P. Johnson, L.L. Stehr, C.M. Hom, T. and Varanasi, U. 1992. Hepatic lesions other than neoplasms in subadult fl atfi sh from Puget Sound, WA: Relationships with indices of contaminant exposure. Mar. Environ. Res. 34, 45–51. Myers, M.S. Johnson, L.L. Hom, T. Collier, T.K. Stein, J.E. and Varanasi, U. 1998. Toxicopathic lesions in subadult English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) from Puget Sound, Washington, USA: Relationships with other biomarkers of contaminant exposure. Marine Environmental Perspectives, 45, 47–67. North Sea Task Force. 1993. North Sea Quality Status Report 1993. Oslo and Paris Commissions, London. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark. 132 pp. OSPAR Commission. 2000a. Quality Status Report 2000, OSPAR Commission, London. 136+xiii pp. OSPAR Commission. 2010b. OSPAR Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (CEMP), Reference number 2010-1. 27 pp. OSPAR Commission. 2010. Quality Status Report 2010, OSPAR Commission, London. 136+xiii pp. Stein, J.E. Reichert, W.L. Nishimito, M. and Varanasi, U. 1990. Overview of studies on liver carcinogenesis in English sole from Puget Sound; evidence for a xenobiotic chemical etiology, 2, Biochemical studies. Sci. Total Environ. 94, 51–69. Stentiford, G. D. Longshaw, M. Lyons, B. P. Jones, G. Green, M. and Feist, S. W. 2003. Histopathological biomarkers in estuarine fi sh species for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants. Marine Environmental Research 55, 137–159. Vethaak, A. D. and Wester, P. W. 1996. Diseases of fl ounder Platichthys fl esus in Dutch coastal and estuarine waters, with particular reference to environmental stress factors. II. Liver histopathology. Dis. Aquat. Orgs. 26, 81–97. Wosniok, W. Lang, T. Dethlefsen, V. Feist, S. W. McVicar, A. H. Mellergaard, S. and Vethaak, A. D. 2000. Analysis of ICES long-term data on diseases of North Sea dab (Limanda limanda) in relation to contaminants and other environmental factors. ICES CM 2000/S:12. 15 pp. Wosniok, W. Lang, T. Vethaak, A. D. des Clers, S. and Mellergaard, S. 1999. Statistical analysis of fi sh disease prevalence data from the ICES Environmental Data Centre. In: Report of the ICES Advisory Committee on the Marine Environment, 1998, pp. 297–327. ICES Cooperative Research Report, 233. 375 pp. 137
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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2 Helsinki Commission Katajanokanla
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4 4.16. Cumulative impact on benthi
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6 descriptions of the indicators. T
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8 The CORESET expert group on biodi
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10 fi sh stocks and change in diet,
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12 Figure 2.3. The prevalence of pr
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14 Seasonal changes in blubber thic
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16 Blubber thickness suggestions Bl
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18 Weaknesses/gaps Monitoring of th
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20 2.3. Population growth rate of m
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22 Annual adult survival 1 0,95 0,9
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24 Existing monitoring data Informa
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26 References Bäcklin, B. M. 2011.
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28 Reproduction in the Baltic eagle
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30 Breeding success The proportion
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32 of the real number of nestlings
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34 Gaps and weaknesses Minimum dete
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36 2.5. Abundance of wintering popu
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38 Table 2.10. Pressures affecting
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40 Refrences Skov et al. (2000) Bir
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42 termined by application of the 7
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44 Approach for defi ning GES All s
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46 Sampling It is suggested to incl
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48 2.7. Fish population abundance 2
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50 Coastal Fish - Community Abundan
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52 When a reference data set cannot
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54 well, but were not included in t
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56 Weighting For Nordic Costal mult
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58 12. Current monitoring Monitored
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60 Błeńska M., Osowiecki A., Kra
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62 10. Spatial considerations Fucus
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64 2.15. Trend in the arrival of ne
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66 jectives is to reach “No intro
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68 Sweden Figure 2.23 shows the rat
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70 Strengths and weaknesses of data
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72 need to be revisited in light of
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74 Considering the data set availab
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76 In Denmark, the highest contamin
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78 Status of a compound on internat
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80 A temporal analysis (EU-RAR 2006
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82 Pathways of PFOS to the Baltic e
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84 In regions less affected by anth
Page 88 and 89: 86 3.4. Polychlorinated biphenyls a
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Page 92 and 93: 90 The CORESET expert group decided
Page 94 and 95: 92 pheric deposition pattern (lowes
Page 96 and 97: 94 3.5. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (
Page 98 and 99: 96 GES boundaries and matrix Existi
Page 100 and 101: 98 Quality Assurance of PAH metabol
Page 102 and 103: 100 Ariese F, Burgers I, Oudhoff K,
Page 104 and 105: 102 GES boundaries and matrices Exi
Page 106 and 107: 104 3.7. Cesium-137 Authors: Jürge
Page 108 and 109: 106 Figure 3.5. Average surface lev
Page 110 and 111: 108 Temporal trends in concentratio
Page 112 and 113: 110 Other important sources are glo
Page 114 and 115: 112 Conceptual model of the sources
Page 116 and 117: 114 3.8 Tributyltin (TBT) and the i
Page 118 and 119: 116 GES boundaries and matrix Exist
Page 120 and 121: 118 Monitoring the compound Status
Page 122 and 123: 120 Recommendation TBT measurements
Page 124 and 125: 122 3. Frogs have been shown to app
Page 126 and 127: 124 not fi sh (Köhler et al. 2002;
Page 128 and 129: 126 The use of different fi sh spec
Page 130 and 131: 128 Kirchin, M.A. Moore, M.N. Dean,
Page 132 and 133: 130 3.11. Fish Disease Index: Exter
Page 134 and 135: 132 Confounding factors The multifa
Page 136 and 137: 134 analyses ICES data from various
Page 140 and 141: 138 3.12. Micronucleus test Authors
Page 142 and 143: 140 main nuclei were not counted as
Page 144 and 145: 142 ing national data sets. Note: t
Page 146 and 147: 144 Baršienė J. Rybakovas A. 2006
Page 148 and 149: 146 3.13 A. Reproductive disorders
Page 150 and 151: 148 dead larvae can be induced by s
Page 152 and 153: 150 Strand, J, Dahllöf, I. (2005).
Page 154 and 155: 152 of contaminants in sediments wi
Page 156 and 157: 154 Eriksson Wiklund, A-K., and Sun
Page 158 and 159: 156 4. Candidate indicators for bio
Page 160 and 161: 158 Zooplankton-phytoplankton bioma
Page 162 and 163: 160 4.2. By-catch of marine mammals
Page 164 and 165: 162 4.3. Impacts of anthropogenic u
Page 166 and 167: 164 4.4. Fatty-acid composition of
Page 168 and 169: 166 7. Use of the indicator in prev
Page 170 and 171: 168 10. Spatial considerations Balt
Page 172 and 173: 170 4.10. Large fi sh individuals f
Page 174 and 175: 172 11. Temporal considerations Sam
Page 180 and 181: 178 A proposal for an approach to a
Page 182 and 183: 180 Technical data Metadata This is
Page 184 and 185: 182 F igure 4.1. Map showing the cu
Page 186 and 187: 184 4.17. Biomass of copepods 1. Wo
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186 4.19. Zooplankton species diver
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188 indirectly impacted by eutrophi
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190 Notes for the GES boundary The
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192 Step 3: Prepare a list of speci
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194 4.22. Phytoplankton diversity 1
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196 4. Policy relevance Nonylphenol
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198 among different studies/measure
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200 4.27. EROD/CYP1A induction The
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202 5.1. Summary of all supplementa
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204 Table 5.1. (continues) Suppleme
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206 5.5. Biopollution level index 1
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208 NIS for aquaculture purposes. O
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210 Balanus improvisus Baltic Katte
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212 Figure 5.3. The scheme for asse
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214 5.6. Organochlorine compounds G
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216 EU Directive 2008/105/ EC Daugh
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218 Table 5.4. Monitoring of HCB, H
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