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no resist, the silver is dissolved by the etching chemical. Other electronic devices can then be added to the fabric using cold soldering, as shown in Error! Reference source not found.. Fig. 15 CircuiteX TM fabric by Sauquoit Industries [51] 2.1.3.4 Conductive materials as power supply Power supply technologies provide the electrical power for activating the components integrated in the electronic textile and it is still a critical issue in the field of wearable electronics. Until now, primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries are predominantly used to provide electrical power for activating the components integrated in the textile. However, there is a great effort being made to produce very small, powerful and rechargeable batteries. A battery might also be embedded into clothing components, like a button [56]. Fig. 16 Design of an autonomous ‘sensor button’ [56] The figure shows an autonomous sensor button developed at Wearable Computing Laboratory of the ETH Zürich. It consists of a light processor, a microphone, an accelerator, a microprocessor and a RF transceiver. A solar cell powers the system [56]. An example of a battery capable of providing electrical power for interactive electronic textiles was recently developed by a German research team led by The Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (FhG-IZM). This research team developed a small battery that can be printed on a 25
substrate and fabricated at high production speeds in button-sized or coin-type format at cost below one United States Dollar. The battery is fabricated by screen printing a thick layer of a silver-oxide based paste then applying a thin sealing layer. The final result is a textile substrate with a printed 120µm thick AgO-ZN battery. These batteries can be printed on a variety of substrates. In addition to textile substrates, they can also be directly integrated into plastic cards, smart labels, and hybrid circuits. As an alternative to battery power and to further expand power supply technology, research is underway by this team to utilise solar energy and energy created by the human body as a source of electrical power for interactive electronic textiles [52]. The supply of energy by the user’s body during everyday actions through leg motions and body heat is also exploited by other research teams. For example, Infineon is currently trying, to recover energy by body movements to feed Mp3 players integrated in a jacket with power (see chapter [53]. An example for power generation by solar energy offers the SCOTTeVEST. The vest with integrated solar panels which is described in chapter 2.1.4.1, has already been brought onto the market. Research is also on the way in the field of fibres that are capable to store energy. For instance, in 1988 the Canadian sportswear company Descente and the company Unitika developed jointly the fibre material Solar α, which absorbs and preserves the optical energy of the sun and converts it into heat. The fibre is used in ski wear to keep the wearer warm [54]. Also energy converting fibres are on their way. Thermotron (TET, PA/ZrC) from Unitika is a heatretaining fibre that converts light from the sun into thermal energy, used in sports and outdoor clothing [55]. In the following table, an overview of different possible energy sources and the amount of energy that they can generate is given. Energy source Available amount of energy Remarks Primary batteries (Li) 400 Wh/kg, 800 Wh/l Secondary batteries (Li-Ion) 75 Wh/kg, 200 Wh/l Lifetime:2000 cycles Si solar cells 20 w/m 2 Light source needed Recovery of body heat 0.01 W/m 2 Power harvesting from breathing 0.4W Uncomfortable for wearer Power harvesting from walking 0.25 W Continuous walking necessary 26
Page 1 and 2: Clevertex Development of a strategi
Page 3 and 4: Table of Content 2.3.1 Description
Page 5 and 6: Index to universities, institutes,
Page 7 and 8: Index to universities, institutes,
Page 9 and 10: Against this background, the presen
Page 11 and 12: A search to the first intelligent t
Page 13 and 14: Besides metal fibres and yarns also
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1 Diagram of the bundle drawin
Page 17 and 18: However, they cannot provide unifor
Page 19 and 20: The Textile Research Institute of T
Page 21 and 22: Researchers at the Electronics Depa
Page 23 and 24: ergonomic comfort, and high piëzor
Page 25 and 26: mp3players and mobile phones. They
Page 27 and 28: The American-based company Logitech
Page 29 and 30: 2.1.3.1.2 Stretch sensors Stretch s
Page 31: However, next to monitoring device
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 17 Structure of a Personal hea
Page 37 and 38: A first step towards wearable elect
Page 39 and 40: The Finnish company Clothing+ relea
Page 41 and 42: textile keypad has been developed b
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 28 Snowboard glove with integr
Page 45 and 46: purchase to be recorded at the leve
Page 47 and 48: This project juxtaposes electricity
Page 49 and 50: Additionally, XS Labs, a design res
Page 51 and 52: y pressing the ”+” and ”-”
Page 53 and 54: Philips published a patent on defor
Page 55 and 56: Heating and cooling jacket Fig. 43
Page 57 and 58: • the inner layer is made of Cool
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 47 SmartShirt Texile Platform
Page 61 and 62: problem should be taken care of at
Page 63 and 64: the result of the coupled conductiv
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 54 The smart second skin [120]
Page 67 and 68: exercises. The data base analyses t
Page 69 and 70: power and ground planes, the circui
Page 71 and 72: especially in carpets. In this case
Page 73 and 74: construction, an extra wire is need
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67 FiberThermics® by Thermoso
Page 77 and 78: 2.1.5.4 Patents published 2.1.6 App
Page 79 and 80: coated Copper wires. Further, they
Page 81 and 82: effects such as violet becoming red
Page 83 and 84:
chiral nematic phase is its ability
Page 85 and 86:
esume their original chemical struc
Page 87 and 88:
The American company Color Change C
Page 89 and 90:
International Fashion Machines prod
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Fig. 81 Fashion Victim [147] They p
Page 93 and 94:
Telecommunication Optical fibres ar
Page 95 and 96:
Fig. 82 Crystal Fibre [148] More co
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on a Jacquard loom before being pro
Page 99 and 100:
The company VISSON in co-operation
Page 101 and 102:
Fig. 88 Reima Robotec overall [161]
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A mixture of four components (a liq
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generated by a light source and is
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material which scatters or diffuses
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Fig. 95 PCM microcapsules coated on
Page 111 and 112:
2.4.3.1 Research projects and produ
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2.4.3.2 Patents published The Secre
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automatic healing response. The mat
Page 117 and 118:
Fig. 101 Ms beginning martensite -
Page 119 and 120:
Shape memory polymers possess some
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fibroin, keratin and collagen, drie
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made out of this fabric. The sleeve
Page 125 and 126:
Toray Industries and Marmot Mountai
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Polymers Study is now on the way to
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Fig. 110 Flap opening in the textil
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increasing quantities of the aqueou
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allows the production of several fu
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2.7.2 Technology 2.7.3 Applications
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So far, a dress, messenger bags and
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2.8.1.2 Patents published 2.8.2 App
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esearch objectives and five cross-c
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2.9.2.2 My Heart The MyHeart projec
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Commission. 31 partners from 10 Eur
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andage. Therefore, active (controll
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[18] Scheibner, W., Feustel, M., Mo
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[54] Starner, T., “Human-powered
Page 153 and 154:
[88] Galbraith, M., “elroy”, ht
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[124] We make money not art: The Em
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[161] Clothing +, “Reima Robotec
Page 159 and 160:
[197] Kontturi, K., Vuorio, M., “
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