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The fabric layers are then laminated to form a panel. Fig. 84 Panel consisting of fabric layers [156] To the second group described above, namely newly developed textile materials, belong chameleonic fibres, photoadaptive fibres and the products of the company VISSON. Chameleonic fibres have been discussed in chapter 2.2. Scientists at Auburn University research on photoadaptive fibres for textile materials. By definition, photoadaptive fibres experience photoinduced reversible optical and heat reflectivity changes. Photoadaptive systems are very attractive since they experience reversible changes in their physical and chemicals properties in response to illumination. The research group develops photoadaptive fibres where metal particles are built by exposure to high intensity of visible light, but decay once the photon intensity decreases to ambient light levels. For this purpose polymeric films that are optically transparent and water-insoluble were made by crosslinking poly (viny alcohol) with dimethylsulfoxide in the presence of poly(acrylic acid). Swelling the polymeric materials with solutions of Ag+ and AuCl4 - ions allowed uniform incorporation of the metal ions into the polymer matrices. The high optical quality of these films enabled direct detection of photo-generated metal particles utilising UV-Visible spectroscopy. Speed of metal particle formation was optimised by systematic variations of the preparation conditions. Ag particles of nanometre size were detected within seconds of illumination and particle growth took place via metal deposition on existing particles. Generation of Au particles was about ten times slower and occurred through a chain reaction. In both cases the metal crystallites formed only upon exposure with high intensity artificial light or sun light, but not under ambient light. The fast photochemical metallization occurring exclusively under high photon flux is one of the desired properties of the materials that are being developed. Areas of potential applications of the polymeric fibres include reflection of infrared radiation, 3D storage of optical data and shielding of electromagnetic radiation or resistive heating elements [157]. 91
The company VISSON in co-operation with Philips Research Laboratories utilizes conductive wires, which are coated with light-emitting layer. This layer is very thin and made out of electroluminescent material. The woven structure forms an x-matrix out of wires. At each crossing point, the light-emitting layer starts to illuminate when applying electricity and therefore a pixel is generated. The Italian-made fabric Luminex ® contains coloured light emitting diodes and is commercialised by the Luminex SpA. A tiny light source distributes light throughout the fabric of the whole polymethylmethacrylate fabric, which has a light conductive fibre woven in. Out of this fabric, tailored made clothes are produced, for example sparkling cocktail dresses or costumes for opera singers. The fibres are powered by tiny rechargeable batteries that can be turned on and off by the wearer via a hidden switch [158]. The company <strong>Grado</strong>° zero espace uses plastic optical fibres (POF), which consist of an inner acrylic core coated with a thin cladding of a fluorinated polymer. Since the refractive index of the outer cladding is lower than the core, light entering one end of a fibre reflects along the interior core material at the interface of the core and cladding. Light passes through the length of the fibre in a zigzag path on its way to the other end. Fig. 85 Plastic optical fibre [159] POF is available in three grades, based on optical transmission value. There are, in order of increasing light transmission efficiency, commercial, industrial and optical grades. Heat resistant grades can withstand much higher operating temperatures than the commercial, industrial and optical grades, but have a higher optical attenuation. Plastic optical fibres have advantages over glass optical fibres in cost, weight, durability, and flexibility [159]. 92
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Clevertex Development of a strategi
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Table of Content 2.3.1 Description
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Index to universities, institutes,
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Index to universities, institutes,
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Against this background, the presen
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A search to the first intelligent t
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Besides metal fibres and yarns also
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Fig. 1 Diagram of the bundle drawin
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However, they cannot provide unifor
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The Textile Research Institute of T
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Researchers at the Electronics Depa
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ergonomic comfort, and high piëzor
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mp3players and mobile phones. They
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The American-based company Logitech
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2.1.3.1.2 Stretch sensors Stretch s
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However, next to monitoring device
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substrate and fabricated at high pr
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Fig. 17 Structure of a Personal hea
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A first step towards wearable elect
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The Finnish company Clothing+ relea
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textile keypad has been developed b
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Fig. 28 Snowboard glove with integr
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purchase to be recorded at the leve
Page 47 and 48: This project juxtaposes electricity
Page 49 and 50: Additionally, XS Labs, a design res
Page 51 and 52: y pressing the ”+” and ”-”
Page 53 and 54: Philips published a patent on defor
Page 55 and 56: Heating and cooling jacket Fig. 43
Page 57 and 58: • the inner layer is made of Cool
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 47 SmartShirt Texile Platform
Page 61 and 62: problem should be taken care of at
Page 63 and 64: the result of the coupled conductiv
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 54 The smart second skin [120]
Page 67 and 68: exercises. The data base analyses t
Page 69 and 70: power and ground planes, the circui
Page 71 and 72: especially in carpets. In this case
Page 73 and 74: construction, an extra wire is need
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67 FiberThermics® by Thermoso
Page 77 and 78: 2.1.5.4 Patents published 2.1.6 App
Page 79 and 80: coated Copper wires. Further, they
Page 81 and 82: effects such as violet becoming red
Page 83 and 84: chiral nematic phase is its ability
Page 85 and 86: esume their original chemical struc
Page 87 and 88: The American company Color Change C
Page 89 and 90: International Fashion Machines prod
Page 91 and 92: Fig. 81 Fashion Victim [147] They p
Page 93 and 94: Telecommunication Optical fibres ar
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 82 Crystal Fibre [148] More co
Page 97: on a Jacquard loom before being pro
Page 101 and 102: Fig. 88 Reima Robotec overall [161]
Page 103 and 104: A mixture of four components (a liq
Page 105 and 106: generated by a light source and is
Page 107 and 108: material which scatters or diffuses
Page 109 and 110: Fig. 95 PCM microcapsules coated on
Page 111 and 112: 2.4.3.1 Research projects and produ
Page 113 and 114: 2.4.3.2 Patents published The Secre
Page 115 and 116: automatic healing response. The mat
Page 117 and 118: Fig. 101 Ms beginning martensite -
Page 119 and 120: Shape memory polymers possess some
Page 121 and 122: fibroin, keratin and collagen, drie
Page 123 and 124: made out of this fabric. The sleeve
Page 125 and 126: Toray Industries and Marmot Mountai
Page 127 and 128: Polymers Study is now on the way to
Page 129 and 130: Fig. 110 Flap opening in the textil
Page 131 and 132: increasing quantities of the aqueou
Page 133 and 134: allows the production of several fu
Page 135 and 136: 2.7.2 Technology 2.7.3 Applications
Page 137 and 138: So far, a dress, messenger bags and
Page 139 and 140: 2.8.1.2 Patents published 2.8.2 App
Page 141 and 142: esearch objectives and five cross-c
Page 143 and 144: 2.9.2.2 My Heart The MyHeart projec
Page 145 and 146: Commission. 31 partners from 10 Eur
Page 147 and 148: andage. Therefore, active (controll
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[18] Scheibner, W., Feustel, M., Mo
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[54] Starner, T., “Human-powered
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[88] Galbraith, M., “elroy”, ht
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[124] We make money not art: The Em
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[161] Clothing +, “Reima Robotec
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[197] Kontturi, K., Vuorio, M., “
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