Copyright by Gregory Krauss 2007 - The University of Texas at Austin

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foreign police officers founded by the Office of Public Safety in the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). Lister was alarmed by a verbal exchange in which it was suggested that the “good guys” were “always on the side of law and order.” 95 He did not go so far as to question the academy’s existence, but he did suggest to Deputy Assistant Secretary of State John H. Crimmins that the program receive “political guidance.” 96 It would later become apparent that foreign police officers trained by the Office of Public Safety were being used in counterinsurgency operations. The Office of Public Safety and the International Police Academy were eventually closed in 1975, after having trained a total of 10,000 people. 97 Lister also spoke out directly against some repressive Latin American regimes. In 1968, he reportedly questioned U.S. support for the Guatemalan military regime. 98 In 1969, Lister wrote a memo to Crimmins on an upcoming visit by New York Governor David H. Rockefeller to Brazil in which he strongly urged against Brazilian plans to decorate a U.S. general. Lister wrote that the decoration would “seem to put the U.S.-Rockefeller stamp of approval on the present regime.” 99 In 1972, Lister played a useful role in supporting democracy in El Salvador. International observers believed that Christian Democratic candidate José Napoleon Duarte had won the election, but official tallies from a fraudulent recount by the military-supported government put the government’s preferred candidate, Colonel Arturo Armando Molina, ahead. 100 The Salvadoran government was holding Duarte prisoner, so Lister went to the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American 47
Affairs to ask that the U.S. press the Salvadorans to release Duarte. 101 His memo on the subject does not mention the Acting Assisting Secretary by name, but it was most likely John H. Crimmins, who served in that position when Charles A. Meyer, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, was abroad or on leave. 102 The Acting Assistant Secretary, gazing out his window at Arlington, told Lister it wasn’t the business of the U.S. government to get involved. 103 However, Lister insisted, arguing that the U.S. should support Duarte because he was “a democrat.” 104 The Acting Assistant Secretary agreed to send the Salvadorans a cable about the issue, and shortly thereafter Duarte was sent into exile in Venezuela. 105 “I believe that it was partly because of our pressure that Duarte was sent off…” Lister later wrote. 106 In the early 1980s, Duarte would serve as president of El Salvador, though his years in office were marked by some of worst years of El Salvador’s civil war. 107 The support Lister showed for human rights and democracy in Latin America in the late 1960s and early 1970s occurred at a time when “human rights” was not a part of the common vocabulary of Foreign Service Officers. Indeed, Lister rarely, if ever, used the word in his memorandums before 1973. Nevertheless, Lister helped prepare the Bureau of Inter-American Affairs for what was to come. Crimmins, in a recent interview, said that Lister “had a very useful effect on…members of the Foreign Service,” by raising issues that were not usually given much attention. 108 “He 48
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Copyright by Gregory Krauss 2007
Page 3 and 4: Impacting Foreign Policy as a Mid-L
Page 5 and 6: Impacting Foreign Policy as a Mid-L
Page 7 and 8: Chile..............................
Page 9 and 10: contributions to U.S. foreign polic
Page 11 and 12: etween personalities and more as a
Page 13 and 14: duties but not jeopardize his caree
Page 15 and 16: 21 Morton H. Halperin and Patricia
Page 17 and 18: younger sister. As Lister’s long-
Page 19 and 20: as an ideological battle that the U
Page 21 and 22: February 1955, Lister received a le
Page 23 and 24: wanted to bring the entire Socialis
Page 25 and 26: Schlesinger soon began working toge
Page 27 and 28: espects Saragat more than vice-vers
Page 29 and 30: Socialist Party that this office ha
Page 31 and 32: First, his contacts with Italian So
Page 33 and 34: eceptive to the Italian Socialists
Page 35 and 36: 64 George Lister, “Political Less
Page 37 and 38: As he frequently did though, Lister
Page 39 and 40: Impact in the Bureau of Inter-Ameri
Page 41 and 42: leaders,” Lister wrote in 1971. 1
Page 43 and 44: Latin Americans to watch out for [t
Page 45 and 46: Lister’s facility with explaining
Page 47 and 48: away from the Communists, much as h
Page 49 and 50: Domingo as part of an inter-departm
Page 51 and 52: the crisis was “interesting and i
Page 53: War effort. Besides his propaganda
Page 57 and 58: win the ideological battle against
Page 59 and 60: 31 Ibid. 32 Memo, George Lister to
Page 61 and 62: 104 Ibid. 105 Ibid. 106 Ibid. 107 C
Page 63 and 64: ights suddenly became a major U.S.
Page 65 and 66: international human rights experts
Page 67 and 68: Rights, Carter reiterated that U.S.
Page 69 and 70: Reagan’s human rights policy was,
Page 71 and 72: When, as a result of the hearings,
Page 73 and 74: Human rights were rhetorically usef
Page 75 and 76: substantial,” Shlaudeman said.
Page 77 and 78: a reporter as “Mr. Human Rights.
Page 79 and 80: encourage improvement. As if to und
Page 81 and 82: Lister won plaudits from Patricia D
Page 83 and 84: ut the hearings were the starting p
Page 85 and 86: moment. The bureau had already been
Page 87 and 88: democratic opposition leaders. List
Page 89 and 90: greater attention to human rights v
Page 91 and 92: occurred. Lister’s own toughness
Page 93 and 94: ability to update the State Departm
Page 95 and 96: a wide open society, essentially de
Page 97 and 98: wing regimes, you had to be against
Page 99 and 100: convinced that clear, reliable info
Page 101 and 102: he had reduced mistrust, Lister hel
Page 103 and 104: 49 Telephone interview by Gregory K
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117 Ibid., p. 13. 118 Report, Georg
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Chapter 5. Human Rights Case Studie
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The Carter administration had campa
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the Sandinista government became in
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the Sandinistas, but he did not cha
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of the 1980s. Lister’s relationsh
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opinion of the text. Lister suggest
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Lister wrote to Assistant Secretary
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that the USG is pro-Pinochet, you a
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concern about Chile, the Reagan adm
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violations by the Pinochet governme
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luncheons with the Chilean Congress
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how Lister managed to have such a l
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62 Letter, Kim Dae Jung to George L
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129 Library of Congress, Authoritar
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movement—in particular, by insist
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Lister’s other political base was
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State Department as well as human r
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open a political conversation with
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Archival Documents Bibliography Abr
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Lister, George. Memo to Mr. William
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Lister, George. Memo to ARA Office
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Lister, George. Memo to Elliott Abr
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U.S. State Department. Career Histo
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Library of Congress, Chile: The Con
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Shlaudeman, Harry. Former Assistant
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Memorial Service for George Lister.
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