RF MODULE

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ii | CONTENTS Calculating the Schumann Resonance Frequencies 42 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Chapter 3: <strong>RF</strong> and Microwave Models Three-Port Ferrite Circulator 50 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Extracting the S-Parameter Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Exporting S-Parameters vs. Frequency to Touchstone . . . . . . . . . 64 Monoconical <strong>RF</strong> Antenna 65 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Antenna Impedance and Radiation Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Far-Field Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Transient Analysis with External Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Magnetic Dipole Antenna 80 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Optimizing the Shape of a Dipole Antenna 86 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Thermal Drift in a Microwave Filter 96 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 100 H-Bend Waveguide with S-parameters 111 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Waveguide Adapter 116 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Mode Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 S-Parameter Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Creating the Geometry in MATLAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Microwave Cancer Therapy 129 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Modeling in COMSOL Multiphysics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Modeling Using the Graphical User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Absorbed Radiation (SAR) in the Human Brain 142 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Model Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 CONTENTS | iii
Page 1 and 2: COMSOL Multiphysics RF MODULE V ERS
Page 3: CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction Mo
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 4: Optics and Photonics Mod
Page 9 and 10: 1 Introduction The RF Module Model
Page 11 and 12: highlights. The categories here inc
Page 13 and 14: TABLE 1-1: RF MODULE MODEL LIBRARY
Page 15 and 16: 2 Tutorial Models This chapter cont
Page 17 and 18: Results and Discussion Figure 2-1 s
Page 19 and 20: 4 Draw a square with corners at (
Page 21 and 22: COMPUTING THE SOLUTION Click the So
Page 23 and 24: Results and Discussion The dipole a
Page 25 and 26: PHYSICS SETTINGS Variables 1 Choose
Page 27 and 28: 5 Click OK to close the dialog box
Page 29 and 30: Model Library path: RF_Module/Tutor
Page 31 and 32: 4 From the Solve menu, open the Sol
Page 33 and 34: them from the eigenvalues. The appl
Page 35 and 36: 5 On the Port page, set the values
Page 37 and 38: 5 On the Port page, enter 36.4 in t
Page 39 and 40: Waveguide Optimization Introduction
Page 41 and 42: Results and Discussion Figure 2-3 s
Page 43 and 44: Modeling Using the Graphical User I
Page 45 and 46: 3 Select Boundary 7 and set the Con
Page 47 and 48: POSTPROCESSING AND VISUALIZATION Fo
Page 49 and 50: The solution takes a few minutes to
Page 51 and 52: Night side Earth surface Ionosphere
Page 53 and 54: Results and Discussion The model pr
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4 Select both spheres and click the
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RF and Microwave Models In this cha
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measure of the transmittance and re
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y 1 cm is at about 7.5 GHz. At the
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By feeding the circulator at a diff
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Importing the Geometry from a Binar
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MESH GENERATION This model uses the
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It is more instructive to look at t
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Note: When displaying S-Parameter v
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Monoconical RF Antenna Introduction
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50 Ω, to obtain maximum transmiss
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Figure 3-7 shows the antenna radiat
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2 Select the RF Module>Electromagne
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13 Zoom in around (0, 0) using the
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4 In the Contour levels area, click
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2 Clear the Keep current plot check
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6 Click the Solve button on the Mai
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Results and Discussion The figure b
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PHYSICS SETTINGS Point Settings Def
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2 In the x-axis area, select the Ex
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Because the impedance is inversely
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4 From the Space dimension list, se
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2 Select Boundaries 1, 2, 4, and 6.
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4 On the Pointwise Constraints page
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12 Click the Solve button on the Ma
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Module. The electromagnetic cavity
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EIGENFREQUENCY VS. TEMPERATURE By r
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GEOMETRY MODELING 1 Go to the Draw
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3 Set dx, dy, and dz to u, v, and w
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20 Select the Solve using solver se
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Computing the Solution Using a Para
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8 Click Solve. 9 When the parametri
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H-Bend Waveguide with S-parameters
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Model Library path: RF_Module/RF_an
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1 From the Postprocessing menu, cho
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The rectangular port is excited by
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Figure 3-16 shows a single-mode wav
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Figure 3-18: The S 21 parameter (in
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PHYSICS SETTINGS First set up the b
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FREEZING THE BOUNDARY MODE ANALYSIS
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Microwave Cancer Therapy Introducti
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The model takes advantage of the pr
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DOMAIN AND BOUNDARY EQUATIONS—HEA
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Figure 3-23: The computed microwave
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solutions for both the electromagne
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4 Select Subdomain 1, then enter th
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1 Click the Plot Parameters button
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sar_in_human_head_interp.txt. That
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The bioheat equation produces a sim
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3 Click OK. 4 From the Options menu
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17 In the Work-Plane Settings dialo
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SETTINGS SUBDOMAIN 19 epsilonr_brai
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4 Click the Init tab and type 0 in
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POSTPROCESSING AND VISUALIZATION 1
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The walls of the oven and the waveg
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Figure 3-29: Temperature in the cen
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3 Click the block symbol again and
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2 At the waveguide end, Boundary 23
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4 Click OK to generate the plot bel
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Because the filter cutoff should be
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the force is applied. Figure 3-32 d
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6 Then the ECAD Import Options dial
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PHYSICS SETTINGS Subdomain Settings
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solver takes more steps than it sto
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3 Select Subdomain 1 and clear the
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Balanced Patch Antenna for 6 GHz In
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k0 = ω ε0 µ 0 All metallic objec
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divided by the input power. In Figu
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Reference 1. E. Recht and S. Shiran
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10 Select the objects SQ2, CO1, and
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43 Specify two spheres with the fol
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inputs are feeding the antenna, lik
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the width of the PML is equal to λ
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a toggle button that shifts between
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5 Select Coarse solver from the tre
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maxE = max(EdB); minE = min(EdB); E
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exterior of the PML that shows a ve
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13 Choose Extrude from the Draw men
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2 Click the Settings button. 3 In t
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Sea Bed Logging Introduction The Se
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Figure 3-39: Electric field magnitu
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PHYSICS SETTINGS Scalar Variables 1
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5 Click the General tab. From the P
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Optics and Photonics Models In this
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Model Definition The model is built
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Model Library path: RF_Module/Optic
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PHYSICS SETTINGS Scalar Variables S
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POSTPROCESSING AND VISUALIZATION By
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Model Definition The geometry is a
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2 In the list of application modes,
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Because the refractive index of GaA
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5 Click OK twice to see the followi
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Bandgap Analysis of a Photonic Crys
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a 2 a 3 × b1 = 2π----------------
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The five lowest bands for the (1, 1
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Modeling Using the Graphical User I
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Subdomain Settings 1 Open the Subdo
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3 Click the Parametric tab. Select
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3 Click OK to see the following plo
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fem.appl{1}.prop.analysis = 'harmon
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Model Definition The mode analysis
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2 Select the RF Module>Perpendicula
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4 On the Contour page, give Magneti
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includes only two independent param
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OPTIONS AND SETTINGS 1 Open the Con
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The problem becomes well-posed by a
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POSTPROCESSING AND VISUALIZATION Th
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7 Click OK. 8 From the Postprocessi
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the computed propagation constants
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3 The default eigenmode is the one
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Compare these ideal values of the p
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Stress-Optical Effects with General
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The PDE solved is Navier’s equati
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and εx ∂u = ∂x εy ∂v = ∂y
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Model Library path: RF_Module/Optic
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NAME EXPRESSION DESCRIPTION B2 0.65
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2 In the Subdomain Expressions dial
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4 Initialize the mesh in this geome
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Note: This model includes an extens
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3 Enter 1.46 in the text field Sear
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In these expressions, w 0 is the mi
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After 90 fs the pulse has reached t
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4 Select the RF Module>In-Plane Wav
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Boundary Conditions 1 From the Phys
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6 Click the Remesh button; when the
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2 On the General page, make sure th
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Propagation of a 3D Gaussian Beam L
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Figure 4-15: After 20 fs the pulse
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7 Click the Delete Interior Boundar
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Boundary Conditions 1 From the Phys
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5 From the Options menu, select Sup
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INDEX 3D electromagnetic waves mode
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efractive index 222, 254 resistance
show all

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