WATER JET CONFERENCE - Waterjet Technology Association

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THE "SKIPJACK" SEWER CLEANING NOZZLE Michael H. Ewald, Manager, Marketing & Sales WOMA Corporations 242 St. NichoIas Ave. South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080 ABSTRACT The most efficient use of high-pressure water nozzles in sewer cleaning occurs when the nozzle is constantly engaged well within the media to be cleaned. This media is generally most concentrated at the bottom of sewer lines . When nozzle design or use allows the nozzle to float or roam freely through the sewer, cleaning efficiency is markedly reduced. More water is utilized, more power is consumed and more time is taken to accomplish a given job . The new WOMA "Skipjack" was designed to assure that cleaning nozzles remain at or near the bottom area of sewer lines. This results in better and more efficient sewer cleaning practices . INTRODUCTION Larger I. D. sewer lines mostly have to be cleaned at the bottom only. This is where the unwanted buildup starts, and the sludge settles. Conventional cylindricl sewer cleaning nozzles and carrier heads spray symetrically which means sections of the inner sewer surface are covered that do not need any cleaning at all. Economically, this is a very questionable procedure. Flat and very heavy nozzle carrier heads available on the market today are supposed to direct the jets towards the bottom of the sewer, however, obstructions and twisting of the hose can make effective bottom cleaning questionable particularly, due to the singularity or limitation of jet directions. By design, WOMA "Skipjack" sewer cleaning nozzle maintains its position in the sewer at optimum locations for most efficient cleaning. The "Skipjack" with predetermined jet spraying angles optimizes cleaning and flushing results of sewer bottoms. A swivel joint within the hose also aids in maintaining the "Skipjack" in optimum cleaning positions. The "Skipjack" is most effective in sewers with diameters from 10 inches upwards. The P I version (see chart) with jets set at 15 degrees are best used for sewers up to 25 inches I.D. and egg shaped profiles. For Larger I.D. sewers and all other profiles, the P II version with jets set at 30 degrees are best used . TRACTION FORCE Traction force requirements of the nozzles vary depending upon hose size and type, consistency of sewer, nature of debris and distances between manholes. For economic reasons it would be wrong to utilize maximum traction force performance if the job can be effectively accomplished with lesser traction force. The following table give you some typical examples on the performance (traction force) of both the P I and P II "Skipjack" based on certain pump performances. 148
TRACTION FORCE IN LBS FOR "SKIPJACK" WITH 7 NOZZLES 1503 Flow (GPM) Pressure {PSI) HP Nozzle I.D (mm) PI PII P45 56.5 1,900 75 2.2 121.5 114.5 P50 71.5 1,500 75 2.5 145.0 136.5 P50 71.5 2,200 110 2.4 167.0 158.0 P55 86.0 1,250 75 2.8 151.5 143.5 P55 86.0 1, 750 110 2.5 182.0 172.0 P55 86.0 2,500 150 2.4 212.5 201.0 P60 100.0 1,500 110 3.0 197.0 186.5 P60 100.0 2,000 150 2.9 227.5 215.0 NOZZLE SELECTION The "Skipjack" can be equipped with either straight jet or fan jet nozzles. The choice depends mainly upon the task and there is no general rule. It is important, however, that fan jets are installed tangentially parallel . At the front of the "Skipjack" a nozzle head with three bores is installed to clear the way and also reduce wear on the body of the "Skipjack" by creating a water cushion to travel on; thus, reducing friction to a minimum . WEAR PARTS The "Skipjack" is fitted with a replaceable wear plate made out of special wear resistant alloy steel to enable economical replacement of the principal wearing part. AVAILABLE VERSIONS For the U. S. and Canadian markets, both the P I and P II versions are available for typical sewer cleaner performance rates in the 60 to 70 HP range. Important factors in considering the use of the "Skipjack" includes such data as size and profile of sewers, equipment being utilized, and the proposer cleaning methods. When working with combination vehicles the P I version with the higher traction force and the higher production rate due to its 15 degree nozzle angle should be used. Flushing and vacuuming can be done simultaneously. When working with a flushing and vacuwm (or suction) vehicle, the P II version with its 30 degree nozzle angle can prove advantageous . Sludge and debris piles up under the manhole and can easily be vacuumed out. 149
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of the Second U.S. WATE
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Visualization of the Central Core o
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A Status Report on the Conceptual D
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SESSION 7 - CIVIL & INDUSTRIAL Chai
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Cutting Hard Rock With Abrasive-Ent
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frictional and piping component rel
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R = a1 ⋅ A1 A2 a2 I = 2H o Q o
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attenuation of the output. The tran
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Figure 1. Branch System Modulator F
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Figure 5. Modulation Response for B
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Figure 9. Modulation response for s
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can be used for any form of input.
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with a cylindrical shape to the jet
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m/s. The range of power found from
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Figure 3. Power vs nozzle diameter
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Figure 5. Frequency vs length of th
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NAME: Gerald Zink COMPANY: StoneAge
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modulatornozzle assembly. The ordin
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DISCUSSION OF FLUID MECHANICS The i
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This process serves to protect the
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For test purposes, these concrete b
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REFERENCES CITED 1. Barker, C. R.,
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FIGURE 4. INNER CORE OF PERCUSSIVE
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FIGURE 9. EXAMPLE OF HIGH-PRESSURE
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NAME: John E. Wolgamott COMPANY: St
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THE FOCUSED SHOCK TECHNlQUE FORPROD
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The reflected wave is thus also cyl
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neglected. The introduction of a co
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DISCUSSION NAME: George Savanick CO
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H’ mean shape factor Hj theoretic
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Required streamline curvature at th
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2 x 2 ≅ ( e − 2 p + w)/k2 (2-8)
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eliminating 2 n r 2 from equations
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approximation to the actual flow si
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skin friction coefficient but are c
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where: (H) = A1H 3 + A2H 2 + A3H +
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effect (< 0.5%) on coefficients of
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TABLE 5 Rei x 10 5 β 3 4 5 6 Po Po
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TABLE 6 D(mm) d o(mm) L t(mm) L f(m
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expanding rather than contracting a
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25. Weber, H.E., 1978, Boundary lay
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Figure 5. Wall velocity distributio
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Figure 9. Effect of nozzle design o
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Figure 12. CA+T Design Philosophy.
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Figure 16. Effect of inlet b 1 cond
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Figure 20. Relaminarization at nozz
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Figure 24. Pressure decay data. 88
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VISUALIZATION OF THE CENTRAL CORE O
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DISCUSSION Although employing the i
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5. Lambert, J. H., 1760, Photometri
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Figure 6. Spectral sensitivity curv
Page 104 and 105: NAME: W.C. Cooley COMPANY: Terraspa
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTION Pulsed liquid jets sho
Page 108 and 109: y=X ∨ P A dy = p p A p 2 (L c y=0
Page 110 and 111: Using equation (15), the value of X
Page 112 and 113: Thus about the first 10% of the dri
Page 114 and 115: Many design cases, including those
Page 116 and 117: surface spall occurred, resulting i
Page 118 and 119: Figure 3. Chamber pressure at pisto
Page 120 and 121: Figure 7. Effect of nozzle area rat
Page 122 and 123: Figure 11. Extrusion device schemat
Page 124 and 125: Figure 15. Typical chamber pressure
Page 126 and 127: DISCUSSION NAME: W. C. Cooley COMPA
Page 128 and 129: material which are, in turn, affect
Page 130 and 131: the water jet. This method was not
Page 132 and 133: where h is the depth of penetration
Page 134 and 135: obtained during this phase of the i
Page 136 and 137: observed that the smallest depth of
Page 138 and 139: Figure 2. Idealized Relationships b
Page 140 and 141: Figure 6. Penetration as a Function
Page 142 and 143: DEVELOPMENT OF VARIABLE DELIVERY TR
Page 144 and 145: THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE P
Page 146 and 147: The injection pressure can be contr
Page 148 and 149: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratef
Page 150 and 151: Figure 4. Theoretical required powe
Page 152 and 153: Figure 9. Variation of efficiency w
Page 156 and 157: HYDRO-BLASTING SAFETY C.W. Adaway,
Page 158 and 159: Remember, your Hydro-Blasting work
Page 160 and 161: horizontal, sometimes vertical, and
Page 162 and 163: Figure 2. Safety Gear Figure 3. Tub
Page 164 and 165: DEVELOPMENTS IN CLEANING COKE OVEN
Page 166 and 167: causing chain breakages and the scr
Page 168 and 169: was encountered, then the rotation
Page 170 and 171: (C) Capital Expenditure: Material i
Page 172 and 173: Figure 9. Swivel coupling Figure 10
Page 174 and 175: OPTIMIZING JET CUTTING POWER FOR TU
Page 176 and 177: PRESSURE DROP (psi) ELEMENT Cv @10
Page 178 and 179: power output. Undersized nozzles re
Page 180 and 181: Subscripts n - Nozzle p - Pump t -
Page 182 and 183: Figure 1. Cutting effect as a funct
Page 184 and 185: CONSIDERATIONS IN THE COMPARISON OF
Page 186 and 187: pressure can be lowered to perhaps
Page 188 and 189: Figure 2: Fan jet issuing from a no
Page 190 and 191: DISCUSSION NAME: John Griffiths COM
Page 192 and 193: where Q = Flow rate - gpm D = Jet O
Page 194 and 195: Again, not limited to Newtonian flu
Page 196 and 197: REFERENCES 1. Brown, R.W. and Loper
Page 198 and 199: Table 2. Jet Cleaning Speeds and ot
Page 200 and 201: ANSWER: The utilization of the stat
Page 202 and 203: complexity and short component life
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Figure 4, for ap values ranging fro
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Decontamination Methods for rapidly
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a. “PULSER” b.”ORGAN-PIPE”
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Figure 5 - Removal rate for various
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DISCUSSION NAME: David A. Summers C
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DRILLING BORE HOLES IN COAL MINES U
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pile could not be judged as represe
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DISCUSSION NAME: David Summers COMP
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HYDRAULIC MINING EXPERIMENTS IN AN
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The monitor was fed pressurized wat
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The IH rig was considered to be sup
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REFERENCES 1. Okhrimenki, V. A., A.
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Figure 2. Jet cutting sandstone at
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Figure 5. Schematic plan view of In
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Figure 7. Suction Box. 226
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USE OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER JETS FOR
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flame torch to cut this block, redu
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the order of 360 rpm. Under these c
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Figure 3. Slot cut by jet at 11 o s
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JET-MINER SURFACE AND IN-SEAM TRIAL
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The hydraulic drive of the haulage
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The surface trials had have the obj
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Figure 2. Experimental version. Fig
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Figure. 7 Jet-Miner prototype Figur
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SOME PATTERNS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFE
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Development of High Pressure_Techno
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configurations, the design of an op
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and public sectors. After a haitus
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Souder, W.E. and Evans, R.J., "The
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Figure 5. Technological achievement
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Table 3. Perceived disadvantages of
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already been, or is being applied w
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Using the requirements profile and
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ant hose combination, a guiding sys
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HYDRAULIC MINING TESTS Site selecti
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SAFETY All operations were carried
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TABLE V. Categories of Jet Mining D
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Figure 2. Generalized geologic prof
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SECONDARY FRAGMENTATION WITH WATER
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do possess a maximum point (Fig. 8)
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Figure 4. Rossin-Rammler plot. Figu
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Figure 8. Non-dimensional plot for
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HYDRAULIC COAL MINING SYSTEM Typica
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Figure 4. (From ref. 1) DISCUSSION
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INTRODUCTION Developing an unique t
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The coefficients "b " in Eq. (1) ca
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By the end of 1982, a total of more
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Figure 4. Cutting ability of swing-
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Figure 10. An operating performance
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for an abrasive, the abrasive parti
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the particles, while at slower spee
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to break away the remaining segment
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Table 1. Concrete saw technology. T
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NAME: Tom Brunsing COMPANY: Foster-
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FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CUTTING SOME M
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hydraulic power required to cut thr
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pressure was varied from 103 to 310
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2.1 Heading and gutting fresh cod f
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Figure 5. The cuts surface of a blo
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Figure 17. Cuts made across the cla
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JET NOTCHING USED IN THE CONSTRUCTI
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Bottom notch diameter was determine
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σ H = in-situ stress in the horizo
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Figure 3. Final block displacement.
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Figure 8. Comparison of Slurry Pump
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THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNDER
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use taps or hydrants. To achieve th
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supply line. It was determined that
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The rotating head requires major mo
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Figure 4. System field test set-up
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Figure 10. Bentonite drilled clay s
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MECHANICAL TOOLS Cutting Tool Energ
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Ψ = cos −1 ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪
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mode also contributes to chip flush
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NAME: Simon Johnson COMPANY: Newcas
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ROLLER TOOLS COMBINED WITH HIGH-PRE
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Various designs and applications ar
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Figure 1. Full-face tunneling machi
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Figure 11. roadway profile cutting
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Figure 19. High-pressure water jet
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DESIGN AND OPERATION OF TWO LARGE-S
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The hydraulic system for the thrust
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Results of Trial Tests As part of m
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cutting rates, degree of bit wear,
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Overall approximate Weight: Basic M
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Figure 5. 3 ft. diameter laboratory
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nozzle diameter and cutting speed w
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2. Cutting Speed The influence of c
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energy it effects an increase in me
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Tip angle (degrees) 87 Off-set angl
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Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7 Figure
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Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Fi
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SCHEMES OF COAL MASSIF BREAKAGE BY
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out thoroughly an efficient scheme
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Research analysis has proved that t
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DEPENDENCE OF POWER INDICES OF COMB
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The experiments have shown how the
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K Ay = coefficient correcting for f
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Figure 1. Schemes of combined break
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Figure 5. Dependence of specific en
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Figure 12. Percentage of grade R -6
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Figure 1. Particle size analysis. T
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NAME: Dr. Henkel COMPANY: Bergbau-F
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presented. This study, of course, i
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identifying a general trend for the
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Effect of Abrasive Hardness, Shape
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In some situations, especially in c
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Figure 1. Abrasive waterjet nozzles
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Figure 8. Effect of standoff distan
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Figure 13. Abrasive waterjet cuts i
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CUTTING WITH ABRASIVE WATERJETS M.
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3.3 Abrasive Feed Systems For abras
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Because of the large number of infl
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due to wear. Although actual operat
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from this new technology. Table 2 l
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Table 1. materials cut by abrasive
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Figure 1. Abrasive waterjet nozzles
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a) kerfs in mild steel b) S.S. 15.5
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a) circle cutting in glass b) lamin
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DISCUSSION NAME: Andrew F. Conn COM
Page 444 and 445:
CUTTING HARD ROCK WITH ABRASIVE-ENT
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slurry nozzle. Testing at water pre
Page 448 and 449:
DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS Jet Conf
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materials. The flexibility in nozzl
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pressure can be wiped out if diffic
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9. Maurer, W.C., and Heilheckler, J
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Figure 5. Effect of abrasive feed r
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Figure 9. Accumulated depth of mult
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Figure 13. Close-up view of quartzi
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ABRASIVE INJECTION USAGE IN THE UNI
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sudden changes in the feed rate eff
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or the abrasive must be manually to
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clog; there not being sufficient ar
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CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE USE OF ABR
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Figure 5. Water abrasive cleaning h
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Figure 15. 360 0 abrasive pipe clea
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ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN WATER JE
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Other criteria to be considered in
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3 MANUAL METHODS OF JET CLEANING &
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contractor with old, unsafe, equipm
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Figure 1. Showing the increased cos
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Figure 8. Automatic tube bundle cle
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ackground to the subsequent coopera
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The molecules of SUPER-WATER posses
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shaken just before use. SUPERWATER
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26. Bednarz, L.P., "Effects of Poly
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