WATER JET CONFERENCE - Waterjet Technology Association

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The surface trials had have the objective of testing the haulage system, the hydraulic drive system, the electric control installation and of conducting output tests. After extensive adusting work, cutting and loading trials could be carried out. The cutting test resulted in a winning performance 50% higher than with the first test rig. The loading capacity could also be improved. When passing horizontal and vertical undulations, the unit showed good running properties. UNDERGROUND OPERATION For the last tests only components cleared for underground operations are used. The hydrostatic drive system e.g. is run on non-inflammable fluids only. Furthermore for control of the drives and the Jet-Miner an audio-frequency system supplied by Siemens is used by which all plant components (conveyor, Jet-Miner, machine haulage, and high-pressure pumps) are controlled centrally from a control con-sole. Furthermore measuring equipment of Bergbau-Forschung is used which are cleared for underground operation. The following parameters are measured and recorded by UV-recorders and magnet-tape systems: • hydraulic pressure of the hydrostatic drives (measure for chain traction effort) • speed of the drives (travelling speed). At Lohberg colliery the seam R 1 is prepared for the test under production conditions. The existing plough system is replaced by a Jet-miner. The coal face is 260 m long and the seam thickness is of 1.45 m ( Fig. 10) . The Jet-Miner is designed in a way that it can run on the existing plough guides. Only the special guidance system for energy and water supply needs to be fitted. At this time the trials are carried out, results will be given on the conference. SUMMARY After the very successful underground trials run with the experimental version coal-winning performances were achieved which are hardly achieved by conventional coal-winning methods, the prototype version was jointly designed by M.A.N.-GHH-Sterkrade, Ruhrkohle AG, and Bergbau-Forschung GmbH and constructed by M.A.N.-GHH-Sterkrade. This Jet-Miner is suited for operation in seam thicknesses ranging between 1.0 and 1.6 m. At a travelling speed of V M = 0.4 m/s webs of s = 0.4 m are scheduled to be cut. This requires a water pressure of p = 70 MN/m 2 at a flow rate of V = 162 l/min. The pumps on the machine require 215 kW of installed power. The Jet-Miner hauled by outside drives undergoes intensive testing on mock-up coal faces on the Bergbau-Forschung test rigs before being transferred to trial operation underground. After these surface trials, operation under production conditions started in seam R 1 of Lohberg colliery. Results will be described. 240
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The research and development work was sponsored by the "Bundesminister fur Forschung und Technologie (Federal ministry for research and technology)" as well as by the "Minister fur Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Verkehr (Ministry for economics and transport)" of North Rhine-Westfalia. The project was set up jointly by M.A.N.-GHH Sterkrade, Ruhrkohle AG, and Bergbau-Forschung GmbH. REFERENCES (Quellennachweis) 1. Henkel, E. H. Aims for a High Pressure Water Jet Assisted Coal Winning System Fifth International Symposium on Jet Cutting <strong>Technology</strong>, BHRA, Hanover, June 1980, p 303/ 312 2. Kramer, Th. Investigation of High Pressure Water Jet Cutting Techniques for Coal Winning Fifth International Symposium on Jet Cutting <strong>Technology</strong>, BHRA, Hanover, June 1980, p 313/ 326 3. Schwarting, K. H. Schneiden mit Hochdruck-Wasserstrahlen - ein neuartiges Verfahren der untertagigen Kohlengewinnung M.A.N-GHH-Sterkrade, Nachrichten fur den Bergbau, 1981, Heft 2 4. Schwarting, K. H., H. Goris, Th. Kramer und G. Wille Entwicklung und Untertageerprobung eines Gewinnungsverfahrens mit Hochdruckwasser- Schneidstrahlen Gluckauf 117 (1981) Figure 1. Experimental coal face, Lohberg colliery 241
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Proceedings of the Second U.S. WATE
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Visualization of the Central Core o
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A Status Report on the Conceptual D
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SESSION 7 - CIVIL & INDUSTRIAL Chai
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Cutting Hard Rock With Abrasive-Ent
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frictional and piping component rel
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R = a1 ⋅ A1 A2 a2 I = 2H o Q o
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attenuation of the output. The tran
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Figure 1. Branch System Modulator F
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Figure 5. Modulation Response for B
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Figure 9. Modulation response for s
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can be used for any form of input.
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with a cylindrical shape to the jet
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m/s. The range of power found from
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Figure 3. Power vs nozzle diameter
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Figure 5. Frequency vs length of th
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NAME: Gerald Zink COMPANY: StoneAge
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modulatornozzle assembly. The ordin
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DISCUSSION OF FLUID MECHANICS The i
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This process serves to protect the
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For test purposes, these concrete b
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REFERENCES CITED 1. Barker, C. R.,
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FIGURE 4. INNER CORE OF PERCUSSIVE
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FIGURE 9. EXAMPLE OF HIGH-PRESSURE
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NAME: John E. Wolgamott COMPANY: St
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THE FOCUSED SHOCK TECHNlQUE FORPROD
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The reflected wave is thus also cyl
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neglected. The introduction of a co
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DISCUSSION NAME: George Savanick CO
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H’ mean shape factor Hj theoretic
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Required streamline curvature at th
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2 x 2 ≅ ( e − 2 p + w)/k2 (2-8)
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eliminating 2 n r 2 from equations
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approximation to the actual flow si
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skin friction coefficient but are c
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where: (H) = A1H 3 + A2H 2 + A3H +
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effect (< 0.5%) on coefficients of
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TABLE 5 Rei x 10 5 β 3 4 5 6 Po Po
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TABLE 6 D(mm) d o(mm) L t(mm) L f(m
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expanding rather than contracting a
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25. Weber, H.E., 1978, Boundary lay
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Figure 5. Wall velocity distributio
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Figure 9. Effect of nozzle design o
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Figure 12. CA+T Design Philosophy.
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Figure 16. Effect of inlet b 1 cond
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Figure 20. Relaminarization at nozz
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Figure 24. Pressure decay data. 88
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VISUALIZATION OF THE CENTRAL CORE O
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DISCUSSION Although employing the i
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5. Lambert, J. H., 1760, Photometri
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Figure 6. Spectral sensitivity curv
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NAME: W.C. Cooley COMPANY: Terraspa
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INTRODUCTION Pulsed liquid jets sho
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y=X ∨ P A dy = p p A p 2 (L c y=0
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Using equation (15), the value of X
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Thus about the first 10% of the dri
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Many design cases, including those
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surface spall occurred, resulting i
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Figure 3. Chamber pressure at pisto
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Figure 7. Effect of nozzle area rat
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Figure 11. Extrusion device schemat
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Figure 15. Typical chamber pressure
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DISCUSSION NAME: W. C. Cooley COMPA
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material which are, in turn, affect
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the water jet. This method was not
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where h is the depth of penetration
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obtained during this phase of the i
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observed that the smallest depth of
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Figure 2. Idealized Relationships b
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Figure 6. Penetration as a Function
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DEVELOPMENT OF VARIABLE DELIVERY TR
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THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE P
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The injection pressure can be contr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratef
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Figure 4. Theoretical required powe
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Figure 9. Variation of efficiency w
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THE "SKIPJACK" SEWER CLEANING NOZZL
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HYDRO-BLASTING SAFETY C.W. Adaway,
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Remember, your Hydro-Blasting work
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horizontal, sometimes vertical, and
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Figure 2. Safety Gear Figure 3. Tub
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DEVELOPMENTS IN CLEANING COKE OVEN
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causing chain breakages and the scr
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was encountered, then the rotation
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(C) Capital Expenditure: Material i
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Figure 9. Swivel coupling Figure 10
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OPTIMIZING JET CUTTING POWER FOR TU
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PRESSURE DROP (psi) ELEMENT Cv @10
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power output. Undersized nozzles re
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Subscripts n - Nozzle p - Pump t -
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Figure 1. Cutting effect as a funct
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CONSIDERATIONS IN THE COMPARISON OF
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pressure can be lowered to perhaps
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Figure 2: Fan jet issuing from a no
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DISCUSSION NAME: John Griffiths COM
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where Q = Flow rate - gpm D = Jet O
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Again, not limited to Newtonian flu
Page 196 and 197: REFERENCES 1. Brown, R.W. and Loper
Page 198 and 199: Table 2. Jet Cleaning Speeds and ot
Page 200 and 201: ANSWER: The utilization of the stat
Page 202 and 203: complexity and short component life
Page 204 and 205: Figure 4, for ap values ranging fro
Page 206 and 207: Decontamination Methods for rapidly
Page 208 and 209: a. “PULSER” b.”ORGAN-PIPE”
Page 210 and 211: Figure 5 - Removal rate for various
Page 212 and 213: DISCUSSION NAME: David A. Summers C
Page 214 and 215: DRILLING BORE HOLES IN COAL MINES U
Page 216 and 217: pile could not be judged as represe
Page 218 and 219: DISCUSSION NAME: David Summers COMP
Page 220 and 221: HYDRAULIC MINING EXPERIMENTS IN AN
Page 222 and 223: The monitor was fed pressurized wat
Page 224 and 225: The IH rig was considered to be sup
Page 226 and 227: REFERENCES 1. Okhrimenki, V. A., A.
Page 228 and 229: Figure 2. Jet cutting sandstone at
Page 230 and 231: Figure 5. Schematic plan view of In
Page 232 and 233: Figure 7. Suction Box. 226
Page 234 and 235: USE OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER JETS FOR
Page 236 and 237: flame torch to cut this block, redu
Page 238 and 239: the order of 360 rpm. Under these c
Page 240 and 241: Figure 3. Slot cut by jet at 11 o s
Page 242 and 243: JET-MINER SURFACE AND IN-SEAM TRIAL
Page 244 and 245: The hydraulic drive of the haulage
Page 248 and 249: Figure 2. Experimental version. Fig
Page 250 and 251: Figure. 7 Jet-Miner prototype Figur
Page 252 and 253: SOME PATTERNS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFE
Page 254 and 255: Development of High Pressure_Techno
Page 256 and 257: configurations, the design of an op
Page 258 and 259: and public sectors. After a haitus
Page 260 and 261: Souder, W.E. and Evans, R.J., "The
Page 262 and 263: Figure 5. Technological achievement
Page 264 and 265: Table 3. Perceived disadvantages of
Page 266 and 267: already been, or is being applied w
Page 268 and 269: Using the requirements profile and
Page 270 and 271: ant hose combination, a guiding sys
Page 272 and 273: HYDRAULIC MINING TESTS Site selecti
Page 274 and 275: SAFETY All operations were carried
Page 276 and 277: TABLE V. Categories of Jet Mining D
Page 278 and 279: Figure 2. Generalized geologic prof
Page 280 and 281: SECONDARY FRAGMENTATION WITH WATER
Page 282 and 283: do possess a maximum point (Fig. 8)
Page 284 and 285: Figure 4. Rossin-Rammler plot. Figu
Page 286 and 287: Figure 8. Non-dimensional plot for
Page 288 and 289: HYDRAULIC COAL MINING SYSTEM Typica
Page 290 and 291: Figure 4. (From ref. 1) DISCUSSION
Page 292 and 293: INTRODUCTION Developing an unique t
Page 294 and 295: The coefficients "b " in Eq. (1) ca
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By the end of 1982, a total of more
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Figure 4. Cutting ability of swing-
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Figure 10. An operating performance
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for an abrasive, the abrasive parti
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the particles, while at slower spee
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to break away the remaining segment
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Table 1. Concrete saw technology. T
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NAME: Tom Brunsing COMPANY: Foster-
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FEASIBILITY STUDY OF CUTTING SOME M
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hydraulic power required to cut thr
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pressure was varied from 103 to 310
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2.1 Heading and gutting fresh cod f
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Figure 5. The cuts surface of a blo
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Figure 17. Cuts made across the cla
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JET NOTCHING USED IN THE CONSTRUCTI
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Bottom notch diameter was determine
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σ H = in-situ stress in the horizo
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Figure 3. Final block displacement.
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Figure 8. Comparison of Slurry Pump
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THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNDER
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use taps or hydrants. To achieve th
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supply line. It was determined that
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The rotating head requires major mo
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Figure 4. System field test set-up
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Figure 10. Bentonite drilled clay s
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MECHANICAL TOOLS Cutting Tool Energ
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Ψ = cos −1 ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪
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mode also contributes to chip flush
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NAME: Simon Johnson COMPANY: Newcas
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ROLLER TOOLS COMBINED WITH HIGH-PRE
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Various designs and applications ar
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Figure 1. Full-face tunneling machi
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Figure 11. roadway profile cutting
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Figure 19. High-pressure water jet
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DESIGN AND OPERATION OF TWO LARGE-S
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The hydraulic system for the thrust
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Results of Trial Tests As part of m
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cutting rates, degree of bit wear,
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Overall approximate Weight: Basic M
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Figure 5. 3 ft. diameter laboratory
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nozzle diameter and cutting speed w
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2. Cutting Speed The influence of c
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energy it effects an increase in me
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Tip angle (degrees) 87 Off-set angl
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Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7 Figure
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Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Fi
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SCHEMES OF COAL MASSIF BREAKAGE BY
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out thoroughly an efficient scheme
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Research analysis has proved that t
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DEPENDENCE OF POWER INDICES OF COMB
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The experiments have shown how the
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K Ay = coefficient correcting for f
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Figure 1. Schemes of combined break
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Figure 5. Dependence of specific en
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Figure 12. Percentage of grade R -6
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Figure 1. Particle size analysis. T
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NAME: Dr. Henkel COMPANY: Bergbau-F
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presented. This study, of course, i
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identifying a general trend for the
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Effect of Abrasive Hardness, Shape
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In some situations, especially in c
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Figure 1. Abrasive waterjet nozzles
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Figure 8. Effect of standoff distan
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Figure 13. Abrasive waterjet cuts i
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CUTTING WITH ABRASIVE WATERJETS M.
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3.3 Abrasive Feed Systems For abras
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Because of the large number of infl
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due to wear. Although actual operat
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from this new technology. Table 2 l
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Table 1. materials cut by abrasive
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Figure 1. Abrasive waterjet nozzles
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a) kerfs in mild steel b) S.S. 15.5
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a) circle cutting in glass b) lamin
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DISCUSSION NAME: Andrew F. Conn COM
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CUTTING HARD ROCK WITH ABRASIVE-ENT
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slurry nozzle. Testing at water pre
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DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS Jet Conf
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materials. The flexibility in nozzl
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pressure can be wiped out if diffic
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9. Maurer, W.C., and Heilheckler, J
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Figure 5. Effect of abrasive feed r
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Figure 9. Accumulated depth of mult
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Figure 13. Close-up view of quartzi
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ABRASIVE INJECTION USAGE IN THE UNI
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sudden changes in the feed rate eff
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or the abrasive must be manually to
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clog; there not being sufficient ar
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CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE USE OF ABR
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Figure 5. Water abrasive cleaning h
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Figure 15. 360 0 abrasive pipe clea
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ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN WATER JE
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Other criteria to be considered in
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3 MANUAL METHODS OF JET CLEANING &
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contractor with old, unsafe, equipm
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Figure 1. Showing the increased cos
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Figure 8. Automatic tube bundle cle
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ackground to the subsequent coopera
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The molecules of SUPER-WATER posses
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shaken just before use. SUPERWATER
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26. Bednarz, L.P., "Effects of Poly
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