Advanced Building Simulation

viii Figures
3.12 Relation between generalized K T curves, local weather data,
and Monte Carlo results for a selected July 80
3.13 Hourly temperatures and wind speeds 81
3.14 Hourly insolation values 81
3.15 Comparison of heating degree-days from simulated
versus real weather data 82
3.16 Comparison of cooling degree-days from simulated
versus real weather data 82
3.17 Comparison of horizontal daily solar radiation from
simulated versus real data 83
3.18 Comparison of results from the simulation model to
historical weather data 83
4.1 Summary overview of typical building airflow applications and
modeling techniques 88
4.2 Glasgow’s Peoples Palace museum with corresponding
simplified airflow model 89
4.3 Model of a double-skin façade 90
4.4 Model of a historical building and CFD predictions of
air velocity distribution 91
4.5 Example building and plant schematic 93
4.6 An example two zone connected system 95
4.7 Example of successive computed values of the pressure and
oscillating pressure corrections at a single node 98
4.8 Schematic representations of decoupled noniterative (“ping-pong”)
and coupled iterative (“onion”) approach 100
4.9 Schematic flow diagram showing the implementation of
a coupled (“onion”) and decoupled (“ping-pong”) solution
method for heat and airflow 101
4.10 Cross-section and plan of atrium with airflow network 103
4.11 Simulation results for vertical airflow through atrium 104
4.12 Simulation results for top floor air temperatures 105
4.13 Early assessment design strategies 110
4.14 Prototype performance-based airflow modeling selection strategy 111
4.15 Different scenarios resulting from sensitivity analysis in AMS 114
4.16 A future integrated building simulation environment 115
5.1 The schematic of a room with mixed convection flow 124
5.2 Geometry and boundary conditions for two-dimensional
natural convection in a cavity 127
5.3 The vertical velocity profile at mid-height and temperature profile
in the mid-height for two-dimensional natural convection case 128
5.4 Schematic of experimental facility 129
5.5 Air speed contour in the room 129
5.6 Development of the wall jet in front of the displacement diffuser 130
5.7 Predicted temperature gradient along the vertical central line of
the room 131
5.8 Comparison of convective heat fluxes from enclosures with
various grid resolutions 132