18.01.2015 Views

Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

Jefe <strong>de</strong> Línea /<br />

Group Lea<strong>de</strong>r:<br />

Juan Modolell<br />

Biología molecular <strong>de</strong>l <strong>de</strong>sarrollo<br />

Molecular Biology of Development<br />

A7<br />

Publicaciones<br />

Publications<br />

Resúmen <strong>de</strong> Investigación<br />

Research Summary<br />

Escu<strong>de</strong>ro, L. M., Caminero, E., Schulze, K. L., Bellen, H. J. and<br />

Modolell, J. (2005). Charlatan, a Zn-finger transcription factor,<br />

establishes a novel level of regulation of the proneural achaete/scute<br />

genes of <strong>Drosophila</strong>. Development. 132, 1211-1222.<br />

Personal Científico /<br />

Scientific Staff:<br />

Joaquim Culí<br />

Postdoctorales /<br />

Postdoctoral:<br />

María Eugenia Villa-Cuesta<br />

Becarios Predoctorales /<br />

Predoctoral Fellows:<br />

Joaquín <strong>de</strong> Navascués<br />

Esmeralda Parra<br />

Técnicos <strong>de</strong> Investigación /<br />

Technical Assistance:<br />

Eva Caminero<br />

Nerea Cisneros<br />

Biología <strong>de</strong>l Desarrollo Developmental Biology<br />

Especificación territorial. Durante el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo, los epitelios<br />

se subdivi<strong>de</strong>n en territorios para formar distintas<br />

estructuras. Nos hemos centrado en la especificación <strong>de</strong>l<br />

mesotórax dorsal (notum) <strong>de</strong> <strong>Drosophila</strong>. Para ello, son<br />

imprescindibles los genes iroquois, puesto que su falta <strong>de</strong><br />

función en células <strong>de</strong>l territorio <strong>de</strong> notum, transforman a las<br />

mismas en precursores <strong>de</strong> axila alar. Ahora <strong>de</strong>mostramos<br />

que tailup, un gen que codifica un factor <strong>de</strong> transcripción <strong>de</strong><br />

la familia LIM-HD, también participa en este proceso, ya<br />

que su ausencia provoca transformaciones <strong>de</strong> notum a<br />

axila. tailup e iroquois tienen efectos sinergísticos en la<br />

especificación <strong>de</strong> notum. El primero es activado por la vía<br />

<strong>de</strong> señalización <strong>de</strong> Dpp, mientras que el segundo lo es por<br />

la <strong>de</strong>l EGFR. Así pues, estas dos vías <strong>de</strong> señalización,<br />

mediante tailup e iroquois, convergen y dirigen la<br />

especificación <strong>de</strong>l notum.<br />

Subdivisión territorial. Los genes iroquois también participan<br />

en mantener separadas las células <strong>de</strong>l notum y <strong>de</strong> la axila<br />

alar. Así, en el territorio <strong>de</strong> notum, las células que no<br />

expresan iroquois tien<strong>de</strong>n a reunirse y separarse <strong>de</strong> sus<br />

vecinas. Esto apoya la existencia <strong>de</strong> una afinidad diferencial<br />

entre las células <strong>de</strong>l notum y las <strong>de</strong> la axila, que <strong>de</strong>bería<br />

ayudar a formar/mantener la frontera entre estos territorios.<br />

También encontramos que la aposición <strong>de</strong> células que<br />

expresan iroquois y las que no lo hacen induce una<br />

contracción ápico-basal <strong>de</strong> las últimas, un efecto que<br />

probablemente subyace la formación <strong>de</strong>l pliegue que<br />

separa los territorios <strong>de</strong> notum y axila en el disco <strong>de</strong> ala.<br />

Finalmente, las células que sobrexpresan iroquois muestran<br />

un fenotipo complejo consistente en formar una red<br />

bidimensional que aisla a gran<strong>de</strong>s grupos <strong>de</strong> células<br />

silvestres.<br />

Receptores <strong>de</strong> lipoproteínas. El Dr. Joaquim Culí usa<br />

<strong>Drosophila</strong> como mo<strong>de</strong>lo animal para estudiar la familia <strong>de</strong><br />

Receptores <strong>de</strong> Lipoproteínas <strong>de</strong> Baja Densidad. Estas<br />

proteínas altamente conservadas a nivel evolutivo regulan el<br />

metabolismo lipídico y a<strong>de</strong>más participan en procesos <strong>de</strong><br />

señalización intercelular y <strong>de</strong>sarrollo.<br />

Territorial specification. During <strong>de</strong>velopment, epithelia are<br />

subdivi<strong>de</strong>d into territories that will form different structures.<br />

We focus on the specification of the dorsal mesothorax<br />

(notum) of <strong>Drosophila</strong>. Earlier work of our laboratory showed<br />

that the iroquois genes are indispensible for this process,<br />

since their lack of function in cells of the notum anlage<br />

transforms them into wing hinge precursors. We now find<br />

that tailup, a gene that enco<strong>de</strong>s a LIM-HD transcription<br />

factor, also participates in this process, since its loss<br />

promotes notum to hinge transformations. tailup and<br />

iroquois have synergistic effects in notum specification. The<br />

former is activated by the Dpp signalling pathway, while the<br />

latter is activated by that of EGFR. Hence, these two<br />

signalling pathways, by means of tailup and iroquois,<br />

converge and direct notum specification.<br />

Territorial subdivision. In addition to their function in notum<br />

specification, we find that the iroquois genes also<br />

participate in keeping the notum and wing cell populations<br />

separate. In<strong>de</strong>ed, within the notum anlage, cells not<br />

expressing iroquois tend to join together and sort out from<br />

their iroquois expressing neighbours, which supports the<br />

existence of a differential adhesion between notum and wing<br />

hinge cells that should help form/maintain the bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />

beween these territories. We also find that apposition of<br />

iroquois expressing and non-expressing cells induces<br />

apico-basal shortening of the latter. This effect probably<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rlies formation of the fold that separates the notum and<br />

wing hinge territories of the wing disc. In addition, cells<br />

overexpressing iroquois present an unexpectedly complex<br />

phenotype, as they tend to contact one another and form a<br />

bidimensional lattice that surrounds and isolates large<br />

groups of non-overexpressing cells.<br />

Lipoprotein receptors. Dr. Joaquim Culí studies the Low<br />

Density Lipoprotein Receptor family using <strong>Drosophila</strong> as<br />

animal mo<strong>de</strong>l. These highly conserved multifunctional<br />

proteins regulate lipid homeostasis and play key roles in<br />

signal transduction and <strong>de</strong>velopment.<br />

Wei, S. Y., Escu<strong>de</strong>ro, L. M., Yu, F., Chang, L. H., Chen, L. Y., Ho, Y. H.,<br />

Lin, C. M., Chou, C. S., Chia, W., Modolell, J. and Hsu, J. C. (2005).<br />

Echinoid is a component of adherens junctions that cooperates with<br />

DE-Cadherin to mediate cell adhesion. Dev. Cell. 8, 493-504.<br />

Villa-Cuesta, E. and Modolell, J. (2005). Mutual repression between<br />

msh and Iro-C is an essential component of the boundary between<br />

body wall and wing in <strong>Drosophila</strong>. Development. 132, 4087-4096.<br />

Mann, R. S. and Culí, J. (2005). Developmental biology: morphogens<br />

hitch a greasy ri<strong>de</strong>. Nature. 435, 30-31.<br />

Noro, B., Culí, J., McKay, D. J., Zhang, W. and Mann, R. S. (2006).<br />

Distinct functions of homeodomain-containing and homeodomain-less<br />

isoforms enco<strong>de</strong>d by homothorax. Genes Dev. 20, 1636-1650.<br />

Culí, J., Aroca, P., Modolell, J. and Mann, R. (2006). jing is required for<br />

wing <strong>de</strong>velopment and to establish the proximo-distal axis of the leg in<br />

<strong>Drosophila</strong> melanogaster. Genetics. 173, 1-12.<br />

Premios<br />

Prizes<br />

Juan Modolell. Premio Nacional <strong>de</strong> Investigación en Biología Santiago<br />

Ramón y Cajal, 2006.<br />

Figura 1. Arriba: la falta <strong>de</strong> función <strong>de</strong> tailup produce transformaciones <strong>de</strong> notum a axila, tal como lo indica la aparición <strong>de</strong> una tégula ectópica (punta <strong>de</strong> flecha) en el notum<br />

lateral anterior. La tégula es una estructura típica <strong>de</strong> axila (comparar con la tégula normal, flecha). Abajo izquierda: transformaciones notum/axila visualizadas en el disco<br />

imaginal. Un clon <strong>de</strong> células que carecen <strong>de</strong> tailup (ausencia <strong>de</strong> color ver<strong>de</strong>, asterisco) pier<strong>de</strong> la expresión <strong>de</strong>l marcador <strong>de</strong> notum eyegone (rojo) y adquiere la <strong>de</strong>l marcador<br />

<strong>de</strong> axila msh (azul). Abajo <strong>de</strong>recha: una mosca en la que se sobreexpresan tailup y araucan (un gen iroquois) carece <strong>de</strong> ala, pero el notum está fuertemente expandido. Ello<br />

indica un sinergismo <strong>de</strong> las funciones "pronotum" <strong>de</strong> estos genes, puesto que sus sobrexpresiones individuales tienen poco o ningún efecto.<br />

CBM 2005/2006<br />

30<br />

Figure 1.Top: loss of function of tailup causes transformation of notum to wing hinge, as shown by the presence of an ectopic tegula (arrowhead) on the anterior lateral notum.<br />

The tegula is a typical hinge structure (compare with the extant tegula, arrow). Bottom left: notum/hinge transformations visualized in the imaginal disc. A clone of cells that<br />

lack tailup (absence of green, asterisk) loses the expression of the notum marker eyegone (red) and gains that of the hinge marker msh (blue). Bottom right: a fly in which<br />

tailup and araucan (an iroquois gene) are overexpressed together lacks the wing, but the notum is greatly expan<strong>de</strong>d. This indicates a synergism between the "pronotum"<br />

functions of these genes, since their individual overexpressions have weak or no effects.<br />

31

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!