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Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

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Jefe <strong>de</strong> línea /<br />

Group Lea<strong>de</strong>r:<br />

José M. Cuezva<br />

Biogénesis y dinámica<br />

<strong>de</strong> la mitocondria en patología<br />

Biogenesis and dynamics<br />

of mitochondria in pathology<br />

B1<br />

Publicaciones<br />

Publications<br />

Resumen <strong>de</strong> investigación<br />

Research summary<br />

Izquierdo, J.M. and Cuezva J.M. (2005). Epigenetic regulation of the<br />

binding activity of translation inhibitory proteins that bind the 3'<br />

untranslated region of β-F1-ATPase mRNA by a<strong>de</strong>nine nucleoti<strong>de</strong>s and<br />

the redox state. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 433, 481-486.<br />

CBM 2005/2006<br />

40<br />

Personal Científico /<br />

Scientific Staff:<br />

Juan M. Zapata<br />

Postdoctorales /<br />

Postdoctoral:<br />

Paloma Acebo<br />

Amaya Blanco-Rivero<br />

Emmanuelle Guillou<br />

Becarios Predoctorales /<br />

Predoctoral Fellows:<br />

Marta Martínez-Diez<br />

Antonio Isidoro<br />

Alvaro Ortega<br />

María Sánchez-Aragó<br />

Sandra Sala<br />

Vanesa Martínez-García<br />

Técnicos <strong>de</strong> Investigación /<br />

Technical Assistance:<br />

Margarita Chamorro<br />

Piedad Calvo<br />

Estudiantes /<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>rgraduate Stu<strong>de</strong>nts:<br />

Paula García Huerta<br />

Biología Celular Cell Biology<br />

El objetivo <strong>de</strong> esta línea <strong>de</strong> investigación es la<br />

caracterización <strong>de</strong> los mecanismos celulares y moleculares<br />

que regulan la biogénesis y función <strong>de</strong> las mitocondrias en<br />

células <strong>de</strong> mamífero.<br />

Por la implicación evi<strong>de</strong>nte que la mitocondria tiene en<br />

múltiples manifestaciones <strong>de</strong> la patología humana hacemos<br />

especial hincapié en el estudio <strong>de</strong> aquellos mecanismos<br />

cuya alteración conduce a la expresión <strong>de</strong> un fenotipo<br />

mitocondrial aberrante.<br />

Nuestros estudios se centran en el complejo <strong>de</strong> la H + -ATP<br />

sintasa, sistema enzimático cuello <strong>de</strong> botella <strong>de</strong> la generación<br />

<strong>de</strong> energía biológica que también está implicado en la<br />

ejecución <strong>de</strong>l programa <strong>de</strong> apoptosis. En este contexto,<br />

hemos <strong>de</strong>mostrado que la alteración <strong>de</strong> la biogénesis<br />

mitocondrial es una característica fenotípica <strong>de</strong> la mayoría <strong>de</strong><br />

los tumores humanos que aporta marcadores moleculares <strong>de</strong><br />

la prognosis y <strong>de</strong> la respuesta al tratamiento. Así mismo,<br />

hemos <strong>de</strong>mostrado que la H + -ATP sintasa participa en la<br />

generación <strong>de</strong> una señal “temprana” <strong>de</strong> especies reactivas<br />

<strong>de</strong> oxígeno que es necesaria para la ejecución eficiente <strong>de</strong> la<br />

muerte celular. Este mecanismo no es operativo en células<br />

tumorales glucolíticas. Por otro lado, hemos documentado la<br />

dinámica <strong>de</strong> la mitocondria en los procesos <strong>de</strong> muerte y<br />

proliferación celular, que es <strong>de</strong> especial relevancia para<br />

compren<strong>de</strong>r la funcionalidad <strong>de</strong>l orgánulo, y hemos puesto<br />

<strong>de</strong> manifiesto la relevancia <strong>de</strong>l control <strong>de</strong> la traducción por el<br />

3’UTR <strong>de</strong>l mRNA <strong>de</strong> β-F1-ATPasa para la expresión <strong>de</strong> esta<br />

proteína durante el ciclo celular.<br />

En la actualidad, nuestros objetivos se centran en: (I) el<br />

<strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> un kit para el análisis <strong>de</strong> la huella<br />

bioenergética <strong>de</strong>l cáncer <strong>de</strong> aplicación en clínica, (II) la<br />

caracterización <strong>de</strong> los mecanismos <strong>de</strong> participación <strong>de</strong> la<br />

actividad mitocondrial en progresión tumoral y en<br />

enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s raras y (III) el análisis <strong>de</strong> la regulación <strong>de</strong> la<br />

expresión <strong>de</strong> la H + -ATP sintasa en<br />

cáncer y en enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s raras.<br />

A<strong>de</strong>más, otro objetivo <strong>de</strong> esta línea es<br />

caracterizar la función <strong>de</strong> TRIM37, un<br />

nuevo miembro <strong>de</strong> la familia <strong>de</strong><br />

proteínas TRAF.<br />

Figura 1 . La huella bioenergética <strong>de</strong>l cáncer<br />

<strong>de</strong> mama: Se muestra el agrupamiento<br />

jerárquico no supervisado <strong>de</strong>l fenotipo<br />

mitocondrial y glucolítico <strong>de</strong> biopsias normales<br />

(N) y tumorales (T) <strong>de</strong> mama.<br />

Figure 1 .The bioenergetic signature of cancer:<br />

Graphical unsupervised hierarchical clustering<br />

analysis of the mitochondrial and glycolytic<br />

phenotype of breast normal (N)<br />

and tumor (T) biopsies.<br />

Our group is interested in the characterization of the cellular<br />

and molecular mechanisms that regulate the biogenesis and<br />

function of mitochondria in cells of mammals.<br />

Because mitochondria are involved in many manifestations<br />

of human pathology we pay special emphasis to the study<br />

of those mechanisms that promote the expression of an<br />

aberrant mitochondrial phenotype in the cell.<br />

Our studies are centered on the H + -ATP synthase complex,<br />

the enzyme system that is bottle-neck for the generation of<br />

biological energy and that is also involved in the execution<br />

of apoptosis. Within this context, we have recently<br />

<strong>de</strong>monstrated that the alteration of the biogenesis of<br />

mitochondria is a cellular hallmark of most human tumors<br />

that provi<strong>de</strong>s molecular markers of prognosis and of the<br />

response to treatment. Furthermore, we have <strong>de</strong>monstrated<br />

that the H + -ATP synthase participates in the generation of<br />

reactive oxygen species as an early <strong>de</strong>ath signal that is<br />

required for the efficient execution of cell <strong>de</strong>ath. This<br />

mechanism is not operative in glycolytic tumor cells. On the<br />

other hand, we have documented the dynamics of the<br />

mitochondrial reticulum during cellular proliferation and<br />

apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial morphology are very<br />

important to un<strong>de</strong>rstand organelle functionality. Moreover,<br />

we have illustrated the relevance of the 3’UTR of β-F1-<br />

ATPase mRNA for controlling the synthesis of the protein<br />

during the cell cycle.<br />

At present time our objectives are: (I) the <strong>de</strong>velopment of a<br />

kit assay for the analysis of the bioenergetic signature of<br />

cancer in the clinical setting, (II) the characterization of the<br />

mechanisms of participation of mitochondrial activity in<br />

tumor progression and in rare diseases and, (III) the analysis<br />

of the regulation of the expression of the H + -ATP synthase in<br />

cancer and in rare diseases. Another objective of the group<br />

is the characterization of the function of TRIM37, a member<br />

of the TRAF family of proteins.<br />

Figura 2 .La oligomicina (oligo), un inhibidor <strong>de</strong> la actividad <strong>de</strong> la H+-ATP sintasa, previene la<br />

muerte celular (fragmentación <strong>de</strong>l DNA en azul) inducida por estaurosporina (St),<br />

in<strong>de</strong>pendientemente <strong>de</strong> la <strong>de</strong>sorganización <strong>de</strong>l retículo mitocondrial (en ver<strong>de</strong>).<br />

Figure 2. Oligomycin (Oligo), an inhibitor of the activity of mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase,<br />

prevents cell <strong>de</strong>ath (fragmentation of nuclear DNA in blue) induced by staurosporine (St), in a<br />

process that is in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt from the disorganization of the mitochondrial reticulum.<br />

Govindarajan, B., Shah, A., Cohen, C., Arnold, R.S., Schechner, J.,<br />

Chung, J., Mercurio, A.M., Alani, R., Ryu, B., Fan, C.Y., Cuezva, J.M.,<br />

Martinez, M., Arbiser, J.L. (2005). Malignant transformation of human<br />

cells by constitutive expression of platelet <strong>de</strong>rived growth factor-BB<br />

(PDGF-BB). J. Biol. Chem. 280, 13936-13943.<br />

Isidoro, A., Casado, E., Redondo, A., Acebo, P., Espinosa, E., Alonso,<br />

A.M., Cejas, P., Hardisson, D., Fresno-Vara, J.A., Belda-Iniesta, C.,<br />

Gonzalez-Baron, M. and Cuezva J.M. (2005). Breast carcinomas fulfill<br />

the Warburg hypothesis and provi<strong>de</strong> metabolic markers of cancer<br />

prognosis. Carcinogenesis. 26, 2095-2104.<br />

Cuezva, J.M. (2005). La huella metabólica <strong>de</strong>l cáncer. In: Pascual-<br />

Leone, A.M. (ed.) Mecanismos moleculares y neuroendocrinos <strong>de</strong>l<br />

balance energético: Patologías. Real Aca<strong>de</strong>mia Farmacia.<br />

<strong>Madrid</strong>. pp. 363-383.<br />

Ortega, A. D. and Cuezva, J.M. (2005). Mitochondria in Cancer<br />

Biology .In: Villarroya, F. (ed.) New Frontiers in Mitochondrial<br />

Biogenesis and Disease. Research Signpost, Kerala. pp. 111-139.<br />

Santamaría, G., Martinez-Diez, M., Fabregat, I. and Cuezva, J.M.<br />

(2006). Efficient execution of cell <strong>de</strong>ath in non-glycolytic cells requires<br />

the generation of ROS controlled by the activity of mitochondrial<br />

H+-ATP synthase. Carcinogenesis. 27, 925-935.<br />

Martínez-Diez, M., Santamaría, G., Ortega, A.D. and Cuezva, J.M.<br />

(2006). Biogenesis and dynamics of mitochondria during the cell<br />

cycle: significance of 3’UTRs. PLoS ONE 1 (1): e107.doi:10.<br />

1371/journal. pone.0000107.<br />

Zapata, J.M., Martinez-Garcia, V. and Lefebvre, S. (2006). Phylogeny<br />

of the TRAF/MATH domain. In: Hao Wu (ed). TRAFs.<br />

Lan<strong>de</strong>s Bioscience. pp. 1-23.<br />

Premios<br />

Awards<br />

José M. Cuezva. Primer Premio <strong>de</strong>l I Concurso <strong>de</strong> Patentes Madri+d<br />

2005 / Awar<strong>de</strong>d with the first Prize on The First Patent Contest<br />

Madri+d 2005.<br />

Colaboraciones con la industria<br />

Collaborations with industry<br />

Laboratorios INDAS, S.A.: <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong> un kit para el análisis <strong>de</strong> la<br />

huella bioenergética <strong>de</strong>l cáncer. / Development of a kit assay for the<br />

analysis of the bioenergetic signature of cancer.<br />

41

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