18.01.2015 Views

Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

Jefe <strong>de</strong> línea /<br />

Group Lea<strong>de</strong>r:<br />

Francisco J. Moreno<br />

Agregación <strong>de</strong> tau y su implicación<br />

en la enfermedad <strong>de</strong> Alzheimer<br />

Assembly of tau protein and its<br />

implications in Alzheimer´s disease<br />

B4<br />

Publicaciones<br />

Publications<br />

Resumen <strong>de</strong> investigación<br />

Research summary<br />

Santa-María, I., Smith, M.A., Perry, G., Hernán<strong>de</strong>z, F., Avila, J.,<br />

Moreno, F.J. (2005). Effect of quinones on microtubule polymerization:<br />

a link between oxidative stress and cytoskeletal alterations in<br />

Alzheimer's disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1740, 472-80.<br />

Personal Científico /<br />

Scientific Staff:<br />

Juan S. Jiménez<br />

María José Benítez<br />

Concepción Pérez<br />

Becarios Predoctorales /<br />

Predoctoral Fellows:<br />

Ismael Santa-María<br />

Alejandro Barrantes<br />

Biología Celular Cell Biology<br />

Las tauopatías son alteraciones neurológicas que tienen un<br />

factor común, la presencia <strong>de</strong> agregados aberrantes <strong>de</strong> tau<br />

fosforilada (una proteína asociada a microtúbulos). Los<br />

filamentos helicoidales apareados (PHFs) obtenidos a partir<br />

<strong>de</strong> cerebros <strong>de</strong> enfermos <strong>de</strong> Alzheimer (AD) están formados<br />

esencialmente por moléculas <strong>de</strong> tau hiperfosforiladas. En la<br />

AD, tau interacciona con menor afinidad con los<br />

microtúbulos y esto hace que se autoagregue formando<br />

estructuras aberrantes. Probablemente este proceso se ve<br />

favorecido por la presencia <strong>de</strong> otras moléculas. Establecer<br />

cuales son las zonas <strong>de</strong> tau que participan en el proceso <strong>de</strong><br />

agregación y que facilitan la formación <strong>de</strong> filamentos y las<br />

estructuras moleculares implicadas en la agregación es<br />

esencial para compren<strong>de</strong>r cuales son los mecanismos <strong>de</strong> la<br />

agregación patológica <strong>de</strong> tau.<br />

Después <strong>de</strong> establecerse que tau es el principal<br />

componente <strong>de</strong> los PHFs, se han realizado numerosos<br />

intentos para obtener y caracterizar in vitro, a los PHFs. Por<br />

tanto, se han investigado “nuevas condiciones” que<br />

favorezcan la agregación <strong>de</strong> tau. Nuestros resultados<br />

establecen una conexión mecanicista directa entre<br />

fosforlilación y agregación, a través <strong>de</strong> la formación <strong>de</strong><br />

estructuras en α-hélice. Hemos investigado la facilidad con<br />

que se agregan diferentes fragmentos y variantes <strong>de</strong> tau en<br />

presencia <strong>de</strong> reconocidos agentes inductores que agregan<br />

a tau y nos ha permitido mapearla y establecer que es la<br />

tercera repetición, con la cuál interacciona con los<br />

microtúbulos, la secuencia mínima necesaria para que tau<br />

se agregue, formando filamentos. A<strong>de</strong>más, mediante una<br />

novedosa técnica inmunofluorescente, nos ha permitido<br />

estudiar y caracterizar las estructuras <strong>de</strong> los PHFs,<br />

proce<strong>de</strong>ntes <strong>de</strong> los cerebros <strong>de</strong> los AD o los agregados<br />

obtenidos in vitro, mediante la utilización <strong>de</strong> anticuerpos<br />

especificos <strong>de</strong> tau o con tioflavina (ThS). A<strong>de</strong>más, hemos<br />

iniciado estudios sobre la interacción <strong>de</strong> tau con DNA y<br />

otras proteínas implicadas en neuro<strong>de</strong>generación mediante<br />

resonancia superficial <strong>de</strong> plasmón.<br />

También, hemos <strong>de</strong>mostrado utilizando células intactas que<br />

productos <strong>de</strong>rivados <strong>de</strong> la oxidación <strong>de</strong> la dopamina (la<br />

dopamina quinona que es neurotóxica), un neurotransmisor<br />

implicado en la enfermedad <strong>de</strong> Parkinson o una serie <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>rivados quinónicos, análogos <strong>de</strong>l coenzima Q,<br />

promueven la polimerización <strong>de</strong> la tubulina y tau,<br />

respectivamente. Por último, nuestros resultados sugieren<br />

una conexión entre el daño oxidativo y el establecimiento <strong>de</strong><br />

las tauopatías.<br />

Tauopathies are neurological disor<strong>de</strong>rs with a common<br />

feature, the presence of aberrant phosphotau aggregates.<br />

Paired helical filaments (PHFs) isolated from patients with<br />

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mainly consist of the microtubuleassociated<br />

protein tau in a hyperphosphorylated form. In<br />

AD, tau binds with lower affinity to microtubules and it selfaggregates<br />

into aberrant structures. Probably helped by<br />

other molecules. Knowing what regions of the protein tau are<br />

involved in its aggregation into aberrant filaments and what<br />

molecular structure is induced by aggregation are critical<br />

steps towards un<strong>de</strong>rstanding the mechanisms involved in<br />

the pathological aggregation of tau.<br />

After the discovery that tau protein was the main component<br />

of PHFs, several attempts were ma<strong>de</strong> to obtain and to<br />

charaterize PHFs in vitro. Consequently, “new conditions”<br />

that could facilitate tau aggregation have been investigated.<br />

Our resuls provi<strong>de</strong> a direct mechanistic connection between<br />

phosphorylation and polymerization in tau, by which<br />

appears to involve formation of α-helix structure. We<br />

investigated the propensity to form fibrillar0 aggregates of a<br />

variety of fragments and variants of the tau protein un<strong>de</strong>r the<br />

influence of different tau fibrillization inducers and we have<br />

mapped the in vitro fibrillization hotspot of tau onto the third<br />

repeat of its microtubule binding domain. Additionally, by<br />

using a novel immunofluorescence method, we have<br />

studied and characterized thereaction of isolated tau<br />

filaments from the brain of AD patients, or in vitro assembled<br />

polymers with specific antibodies, or with thioflavins (ThS).<br />

Additionally, we have initiated the study of tau protein<br />

interactions with DNA and other proteins involved in<br />

neuro<strong>de</strong>generation by Surface Plasmon Resonance.<br />

We have also <strong>de</strong>monstrated in intact cells that oxidized<br />

products of dopamine (neurotoxic dopamine quinone), a<br />

neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson’s disease and<br />

Coenzyme analogs, promote tau and tubulin polymerization,<br />

respectively. Our results support a link between oxidative<br />

damage and the onset of tauopathies.<br />

Santa-María, I., Hernán<strong>de</strong>z, F., Smith, M.A., Perry, G., Avila, J., Moreno,<br />

F.J. (2005). Neurotoxic dopamine quinone facilitates the assembly of tau<br />

into fibrillar polymers. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 278, 203-12.<br />

Martinez, A., Alonso, M., Castro, A., Dorronsoro, I., Gelpi, J.L., Luque,<br />

F.J., Perez, C. and Moreno, F.J. (2005). SAR and 3D-QSAR studies on<br />

thiadíazolidinone <strong>de</strong>rivatives: exploration of structural requirements for<br />

glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 48, 7103-7112.<br />

Mendieta, J., Fuertes, M.A., Kunjishapatham, R., Santa-María, I.,<br />

Moreno, F.J., Alonso, C., Gago, F., Munoz, V., Avila, J. and Hernán<strong>de</strong>z,<br />

F. (2005). Phosphorylation modulates the alpha-helical structure and<br />

polymerization of a pepti<strong>de</strong> from the third tau microtubule-binding<br />

repeat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1721, 16-26.<br />

Santa-María, I., Perez, M., Hernán<strong>de</strong>z, F., Muñoz, V., Moreno, F.J. and<br />

Avila, J. (2006) In vitro tau fibrillization: mapping protein regions.<br />

Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1762, 683-92.<br />

Barrantes, A., Navarro, P.J., Benítez, M.J. and Jiménez, J.S. (2006). A<br />

DNA and histone immobilization method to study DNA-histone<br />

interactions by surface plasmon resonance.<br />

Analytic. Biochem. 352, 151-153.<br />

Santa-María, I., Perez, M., Hernán<strong>de</strong>z, F., Avila, J., Moreno, F.J. (2006).<br />

Characteristics of the binding of thioflavin S to tau paired helical<br />

filaments. J. Alzh. Dis. 9, 279-85.<br />

Avila, J., Santa-María, I., Pérez, M., Hernán<strong>de</strong>z, F. and Moreno, F.J.<br />

(2006). Tau phosphorylation, aggregation, and cell toxicity.<br />

J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 1-5.<br />

Figura 1. Efecto <strong>de</strong> las quinonas en cultivos primarios <strong>de</strong> neuronas <strong>de</strong> hipocampo.<br />

Figure 1. Effect of quinones on cultured hippocampal neurons.<br />

CBM 2005/2006<br />

46<br />

Figura 2. Mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong> la estructura <strong>de</strong> un PHF. Se sugiere la presencia <strong>de</strong> una región central estable,<br />

que se tiñe preferentemente por la ThS, y dos extremos dinámicos.<br />

Figure 2. Mo<strong>de</strong>l of PHF structure. It is suggested the presence of a central stable region,<br />

that is preferentially stained with ThS; and two dynamic ends.<br />

47

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!