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Drosophila - Severo Ochoa - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

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Jefe <strong>de</strong> Línea /<br />

Group Lea<strong>de</strong>r:<br />

José María Requena Rolanía<br />

Postdoctorales /<br />

Postdoctoral :<br />

Graciela Uzcanga Urbina<br />

Becarios Predoctorales /<br />

Predoctoral Fellows:<br />

Cristina Folgueira Fernán<strong>de</strong>z<br />

Javier Carrión Herrero<br />

Daniel Ruiz Abana<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Estudiantes /<br />

Un<strong>de</strong>rgraduated Stu<strong>de</strong>nts:<br />

Pablo Olivares Pedraza<br />

Ana Isabel García Mace<br />

Nadia <strong>Madrid</strong> Elena<br />

Científicos visitantes /<br />

Visiting scientist:<br />

Ana Margarita Montalvo Álvarez<br />

Instituto <strong>de</strong> Medicina Tropical<br />

Pedro Kouri (La Habana, Cuba)<br />

Regulación <strong>de</strong> la expresión génica Regulation of gene expression<br />

Regulación <strong>de</strong> la expresión génica<br />

en Leishmania<br />

Resumen <strong>de</strong> investigación<br />

Los protozoos parásitos <strong>de</strong>l género Leishmania son agentes<br />

etiológicos <strong>de</strong> enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s con amplia distribución<br />

geográfica conocidas como leishmaniasis. Leishmania<br />

posee un ciclo <strong>de</strong> vida digenético, don<strong>de</strong> alternan las<br />

formas promastigote flagelado, que se mutiplica en<br />

flebotomos, y amastigote aflagelado, que es intracelular<br />

obligado y se multiplica en los macrófagos <strong>de</strong> huéspe<strong>de</strong>s<br />

vertebrados. Como eucariota, Leishmania es atípico: todos<br />

los genes codificantes <strong>de</strong> proteínas, como en otros<br />

tripanosomátidos, se organizan en largas unida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

transcripcionales que generan RNA policistrónicos que<br />

finalmente son procesados a mRNAs monocistrónicos por<br />

“trans-splicing” y polia<strong>de</strong>nilación.<br />

Nuestro grupo está interesado en el estudio <strong>de</strong> los<br />

mecanismos <strong>de</strong> expresión génica en Leishmania infantum,<br />

especie endémica en España. Concretamente, estamos<br />

estudiando la regulación <strong>de</strong> los genes HSP83/90 y HSP70.<br />

En este parásito digenético, expuesto a cambios <strong>de</strong><br />

temperatura, la respuesta al choque térmico está asociada<br />

a la diferenciación morfológica. Hemos <strong>de</strong>mostrado que la<br />

regulación <strong>de</strong> la respuesta al choque térmico ocurre<br />

exclusivamente a nivel post-trancripcional e implica a<br />

secuencias situadas en las regiones 3’UTR <strong>de</strong> los mRNAs,<br />

que modulan la estabilidad y la eficiencia traduccional <strong>de</strong><br />

éstos. A modo <strong>de</strong> ejemplo, la figura 1 resume los<br />

mecanismos reguladores que operan sobre los genes <strong>de</strong>l<br />

locus HSP70. El locus consta <strong>de</strong> seis copias organizadas en<br />

un tán<strong>de</strong>m directo y que se diferencian en sus 3’UTRs.<br />

Aunque todos los genes se transcriben <strong>de</strong> forma similar, los<br />

mRNAs para los genes 1-5 (HSP70-I) aumentan tras un<br />

choque térmico, mientras que los mRNAs <strong>de</strong>l gen 6 (HSP70-<br />

II) no cambian. Por otro lado, los transcritos HSP70-I se<br />

encuentran asociados a los ribosomas tanto a las<br />

temperaturas normal como <strong>de</strong> choque térmico, mientras<br />

que los transcritos HSP70-II se traducen sólo durante el<br />

choque térmico. Así, mientras que los genes HSP70-I se<br />

regulan por estabilización <strong>de</strong> sus mRNAs, el gen HSP70-II<br />

se regula a nivel traduccional.<br />

Regulation of gene expression in<br />

Leishmania<br />

Research summary<br />

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are<br />

aetiological agents of leishmaniasis, a major health problem<br />

worldwi<strong>de</strong>. Leishmania spp. have a digenetic life cycle,<br />

alternating between free-living, flagellated promastigotes in<br />

phlebotomine sand flies, and obligate intracellular<br />

aflagellated amastigotes that multiply within macrophages<br />

of the vertebrate host. As a eukaryote, Leishmania is<br />

atypical. All protein-encoding genes in trypanosomatids are<br />

organized in large transcription units that generate<br />

polycistronic precursor RNAs which are then processed to<br />

monocistronic mRNAs by trans-splicing and<br />

polya<strong>de</strong>nylation.<br />

Our group is interested in the study of mechanisms of gene<br />

expression in Leishmania infantum, species that is en<strong>de</strong>mic<br />

in Spain. In particular, we are concentrated in analysing the<br />

regulation of two heat shock genes, i.e. HSP83/90 and<br />

HSP70. In this digenetic parasite, which is exposed to<br />

drastic temperature changes, the heat shock response is<br />

believed to be involved in promoting stage differentiation.<br />

We have <strong>de</strong>monstrated that the regulation of the heat shock<br />

response occurs exclusively at the post-transcriptional level<br />

and involves sequences within the 3’-untranslated regions<br />

(3’UTR) of mRNAs that modulate RNA stability and/or<br />

translational efficiency. As an example, figure 1 summarizes<br />

the regulatory mechanism operating on the genes<br />

composing the HSP70 locus. The locus consists of six<br />

copies arranged in a head-to-tail tan<strong>de</strong>m differing in their<br />

3’UTRs. Although all genes are transcribed at similar rates,<br />

the abundance of the mRNAs <strong>de</strong>rived from HSP70 genes 1<br />

to 5 (HSP70-I) increases following heat shock, while the<br />

mRNAs <strong>de</strong>rived from HSP70 gene 6 (HSP70-II) remain<br />

unaffected. On the other hand, the HSP70-I transcripts were<br />

found associated with ribosomes at both normal and heat<br />

shock temperatures, whereas the HSP70-II transcripts seem<br />

to be translated only at heat shock temperatures. Thus,<br />

while HSP70-I genes are regulated at the level of mRNA<br />

stability, the HSP70-II gene is regulated at the translational<br />

one.<br />

E14<br />

Publicaciones<br />

Publications<br />

Quijada, L., Soto, M. and Requena, J.M. (2005). Genomic DNA<br />

macroarrays as a tool for analysis of gene expresión in Leishmania.<br />

Exp. Parasitol. 111, 64-70.<br />

Folgueira, C., Quijada, L., Soto, M., Abana<strong>de</strong>s, D.R., Alonso, C. and<br />

Requena, J.M. (2005). The translational efficiencies of the two<br />

Leishmania infantum HSP70 mRNAs, differing in their 3'-untranslated<br />

regions, are affected by shifts in the temperature of growth through<br />

different mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 35172-13183.<br />

Carrion, J., Nieto, A., Iborra, S., Iniesta, V., Soto, M., Folgueira, C.,<br />

Abana<strong>de</strong>s, D.R., Requena, J.M. and Alonso, C. (2006).<br />

Immunohistological features of visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.<br />

Parasite Immunol. 28, 173-183.<br />

Folgueira, C., Cañavate, C., Chicharro, C. and Requena, J.M. (2006).<br />

Genomic organization and expression of the HSP70 locus in New and<br />

Old World Leishmania species. Parasitology. 134, 1-9.<br />

Tesis doctorales<br />

Doctoral Theses<br />

Cristina Folgueira Fernán<strong>de</strong>z. (2006). Los genes HSP70 <strong>de</strong><br />

Leishmania: importancia <strong>de</strong> la regulación traduccional y relevancia<br />

biológica <strong>de</strong>l gen HSP70-II.<br />

Otras activida<strong>de</strong>s<br />

Other activities<br />

Coordinador <strong>de</strong>l Grupo <strong>de</strong> Parasitología Molecular <strong>de</strong> la SEBBM.<br />

Miembro <strong>de</strong> la Editorial Board <strong>de</strong> BMC Microbiology.<br />

CBM 2005/2006<br />

140<br />

Figura 1 . Regulación <strong>de</strong> la expresión génica <strong>de</strong>l locus HSP70 <strong>de</strong> Leishmania.<br />

Figure 1. Regulation of gene expresión of the Leishmania HSP70 locus.<br />

141

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