Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the ... - SeaweedAfrica

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History of Philippine Phycology Detailed accounts of the history of Philippine phycology have been provided by Velasquez (1962b; 1985) and Cordero (1972; 1977a), but it seems useful to review its most salient features, especially with regard to marine algae. Unlike many areas that were explored biologically by colonial powers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the Philippines were not so favored by Spain, and the earliest information on its plants and their uses came from resident Augustinian monks (M. Blanco, 1837). Unfortunately, there are no extant specimens to document this work. In October 1836, Hugh Cuming, an English naturalist especially interested in conchology, arrived at Manila to begin three years of exploration that would take him to nearly every large island in the archipelago (Merrill, 1926). He made a small but important collection of marine algae, which was reported on by Montagne (1844a) and also served as the basis of Galaxaura fastigiata and Liagora caenomyce, both described by Decaisne (1842). During the last half of the nineteenth century, four expeditions returned to Europe with varying amounts of Philippine algae. The Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien contributed collections made at Manila and Zamboanga in 1861 by its zoologist, Eduard von Martens; these collections were the subject of a publication by Eduard's father, Georg von Martens (1868). In 1874-1875, H.N. Moseley, the naturalist of the Challenger Expedition, collected algae at the Gigantes Islands (Iloilo), Mactan I. (Cebu), and Zamboanga, which were recorded by Dickie (1874a, 1876a, 1876b, 1877). Cesare Marcacci, lieutenant on board the Vettor Pisani, collected algae at Ticao Island (Masbate) and Cavite during the circumnavigation of that ship in 1884. They were published on by Piccone (1886, 1889). The most important expedition, by far, was the Siboga Expedition to the Indonesian region, which made extensive collections in 1899 in the Sulu Archipelago. These collections contributed significantly to monographs of Halimeda (Barton, 1901), the Codiaceae (Gepp and Gepp, 1911), and the Corallinaceae (Foslie, 1904; Weber-van Bosse, 1904b). The entire phycological harvest of the expedition was treated by Weber-van Bosse (1913a, 1921, 1923, 1928). In the Commonwealth period, Elmer Drew Merrill was impartial in his messianic pursuit of Philippine botany during 20 years of service to the Bureau of Agriculture, the Bureau of Forestry, the Bureau of Science, and the University of the Philippines (Quisumbing, 1957). Although primarily interested in vascular plants, he caused the Bureau of Science to assemble a large collection of algae. These were sent for study in 1911-1913 to M.A. Howe at the New York Botanical Garden and to W.A. Setchell at the University of California at Berkeley. No systematic study was made of these specimens at that time, but in 1951 the Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae at Berkeley were loaned SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES to W.R. Taylor of the University of Michigan, who ultimately published on them (Taylor, 1966b). The all-important University of Michigan connection was established in 1935-1936, when H.H. Bartlett, Chairman of its Department of Botany, was an exchange professor at the University of the Philippines (Voss, 1961). A man of wide interests and great energy, he made massive collections of plants, including many algae, throughout the archipelago. These were sent to Ann Arbor, where the algae were studied by Taylor and his students. Bartlett returned to the Philippines under the auspices of the United States Department of Agriculture in 1940-1941, making further collections of algae in Mindanao. His collections have been cited in numerous papers, including Chou (1945, 1947) on Galaxaura, Gilbert (1942, 1943, 1947) on Chlorophyceae, Taylor (1964, 1966b) on Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae, and Tseng and Gilbert (1942) on Codium. In the period of the Republic, Philippine phycology has come to share the dramatic surge of interest and activity in the science that initially was centered in the industrial nations. The leader and catalyst has been Gregorio T. Velasquez, Professor Emeritus of Botany, University of the Philippines, who received his doctorate at the University of Michigan in 1939, working on the viability of algae obtained from the digestive tract of a fresh-water fish. Although primarily interested in Cyanophyceae, Velasquez has had a profound influence on all aspects of Philippine phycology. The productivity of his academic offspring has created an urgent need for this catalog. Awareness of benthic marine algae in the Philippines has been greatly heightened by the successful efforts to grow certain of them commercially (Eucheuma, Gracilaria, and Caulerpa). Not only has the welfare of many coastal communities been improved, but the nation as a whole has benefited from increased exports. Most phycological publications in the past two decades have been floristic, and critical taxonomic studies must now be given high priority. It is essential that the rapidly accumulating information on algal ecology, physiology, and biochemistry, much of which is of potential economic importance, be attached to correct names. Scope of Catalog To avoid the difficulty of having to assess each paper for its worthiness of inclusion, we have been comprehensive rather than selective, citing every reference to Philippine benthic marine algae that we could find, regardless of information content. Publications dealing with biochemical, physiological, ecological, and economic features supplement the basic core of taxonomic and morphological literature. Previous compilations were included. Twenty species that were erroneously cited by Velasquez, Trono, and Doty (1975) have been omitted from this catalog. Most of these erroneous records were taken from various reports of the
NUMBER 27 SOUTH CHINA SEA .0 9 ,V BATAN, . BABUYAN o 0 .V a >• CELEBES SEA 120 124 FIGURE 1.—Map of the Philippines showing major islands. PHILIPPINE SEA ^CATANDUANES - 20 16
Page 1 and 2: Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae
Page 3: Corrections to Smithsonian Contribu
Page 6 and 7: ABSTRACT Silva, Paul C, Ernani G. M
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Page 20 and 21: 12 Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann
Page 24 and 25: 16 L. martensiana Meneghini L. semi
Page 26 and 27: Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyng
Page 32 and 33: 24 ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR
Page 38 and 39: 30 Grateloupia C. Agardh Grateloupi
Page 42 and 43: 34 Amphiroa valonioides Yendo Amphi
Page 50 and 51: 42 Gracilaria disticha (J. Agardh)
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52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
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54 Bornet. Its morphology, taxonomy
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58 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—LUZON
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62 Bostrychia intricata (Bory de Sa
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72 FAMILIA INCERTAE SEDIS Family WU
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7H SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
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21.—Howe, 1932:170.—G. Blanco,
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126 Dasycladus Cordero, 1979b:282.
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Literature Cited (References preced
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