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128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES genus. Chromastrum was re-established by Stegenga and Mulder (1979) to include species with one axile, stellate, pyrenoid-bearing chloroplast in each cell and a life history involving an alternation of heteromorphic phases—the gametophyte with a unicellular base and the tetrasporophyte with a multicellular base that develops from a septately germinating carpospore. Acrochaetium was circumscribed to include species with one to several parietal pyrenoid-bearing chloroplasts in each cell and a life history involving an alternation of isomorphic phases. Audouinella was retained for species with one to several parietal chloroplasts of spiral or irregular shape, without pyrenoids. The nomenclature of acrochaetioid algae was muddled long ago by the selection of Acrochaetium daviesii (Dillwyn) Nageli (1862:405, 412), based on Conferva daviesii Dillwyn (1809 [1802-1809]:73, pi. F), as the lectotype of its genus by Drew (1928:147), who erroneously believed (along with all other authors) that the genus was first described by Nageli in 1862. In fact, it was described in 1858, and A. daviesii was not among the original species. Accordingly, Woelkerling (1983a:65) set aside the lectotype that, although untenable, had been accepted for more than a halfcentury, replacing it with A. secundatum (Lyngbye) Nageli (1858:532, footnote), based on Callithamnion daviesii (Dillwyn) Lyngbye var. secundatum Lyngbye (1819:129, pi. 41B: figs. 4-6). Although in both species each cell contains a single chloroplast with a pyrenoid, in A. daviesii the chloroplast is laminate and parietal, while in A. secundatum it is stellate and axile. Those schemes that are based on vegetative features, either wholly or partly, are thus severely affected. Chromastrum falls into synonymy under Acrochaetium, while some name other than Acrochaetium must be applied to those species considered by many workers through many decades to be congeneric with A. daviesii. Stegenga (1985) applied Colaconema to the latter circumscription. The coining of numerous binomials as a consequence of changing the lectotype of Acrochaetium could be precluded by the conservation of that generic name using the 1862 publication as protologue and A. daviesii as type. Any proposal for conservation, however, should await further clarification of the taxonomy of acrochaetioid algae. Because any classification of acrochaetioid algae used at present either would be admittedly artificial (based on a single character) or, if allegedly natural (based on morphological, ontogenetic, and life history characters), would be criticized as being premature, I have employed a scheme that at least has the merit of not requiring new binomials, namely that of Feldmann (1962). According to this classification, all records of acrochaetioid algae for the Philippines are encompassed by Acrochaetium. Galaxauraceae as a Replacement for Chaetangiaceae When Chaetangium was established, Kutzing (1843b:392) misidentified his material with Fucus ornatus Linnaeus, which has turned out to be representative of Suhria in the Gelidiaceae (see Papenfuss, 1952:173). For many decades the name Chaetangium has been applied on the basis of Kiitzing's material, but a decision made at the International Botanical Congress at Sydney in 1981 makes it clear that the name must remain with Suhria unless conservation is invoked. Parkinson (1983), after reviewing the nomenclatural history of Chaetangium, decided against conservation of that generic name, choosing instead to propose Suhria for conservation against Chaetangium and to resurrect Nothogenia Montagne (1843a:302) as a replacement for Chaetangium. [Nothogenia variolosa (Montagne) Montagne, the type of its genus, was placed in the synonymy of Chaetangium fastigiatum (Bory de Saint-Vincent) J. Agardh by Kylin (in Kylin and Skottsberg, 1919:6)]. Because the name Chaetangiaceae must be considered a synonym of Gelidiaceae, Parkinson simultaneously established the family Galaxauraceae. Portieria as a Replacement for Chondrococcus The genus of Rhizophyllidaceae currently called Desmia Lyngbye (1819) emend. J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]) or Chondrococcus Kutzing (1847) has a troubled nomenclatural history. I have discussed it in detail previously (Silva, 1952a:304-306), but it is necessary to return to it in light of changes in the, ICBN made at Sydney pertaining to the typification of generic names. Desmia was established by Lyngbye (1819:XXIX, 33) to receive three species with narrow, compressed branches. One species is the type of Herbacea Stackhouse (1809) and another is the type of Hippurina Stackhouse (1809). Both of these genera are referable to Desmarestia Lamouroux (1813), but the name Desmarestia has been conserved against the Stackhouse names. Desmia is thus a superfluous name for Desmarestia and illegitimate in accordance with Article 63.1 of the ICBN. Although Lyngbye did not give a reason for abandoning the name Desmarestia, which he cited in synonymy, he may have considered Desmia a better name because of its brevity or because it was descriptive (derived from the Greek word desmos, "band") rather than commemorative (Desmarestia being named for Anselm Gaetan Desmarest, a French zoologist). The sharing of the first four letters by the two names perhaps is not purely coincidental. The third species assigned by Lyngbye to Desmia was D. hornemannii ("hornemanni"), based on a specimen sent to him by Mertens under the name Fucus hornemanni. Mertens found this specimen among Forsskal's collections and indicated that it came from Helsing$r on the
NUMBER 27 129 with Desmia hornemannii as described and illustrated by Lyngbye (1819:35, pi. 7:c). Subsequent to 1819 and prior to 1852, the name Desmia was applied either to a genus closely related to Desmarestia or to a section or subgenus of that genus. J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]:639) emended the genus Desmia, retaining only D. hornemannii of Lyngbye's original species and adding two other species, D. ambigua]. Agardh from India and D. tripinnata (Hering) J. Agardh (Rhodymenia tripinnata Hering) from South Africa. He accredited the emended genus to himself and placed it (with a query) in the tribus Sphaerococcoideae of the ordo Sphaerococcoideae (a broadly defined group not equivalent taxonomically to the modern Sphaerococcaceae). Meanwhile, Kutzing (1847a:23) had established the genus Chondrococcus on the basis of Fucus abscissus Turner (1819 [1815-1819]:65, pi. 223) from New Zealand and F. lambertii Turner (1819 [1815-1810]:96, pi. 237) from Australia. The first species is currently placed in Melanthalia Montagne (1843) in the Gracilariaceae, while the second species, as defined by the type collection, is referable to Callophyllis Kutzing (1843) in the Kallymeniaceae. Kutzing applied the name Chondrococcus lambertii to a mixture of species, citing both Australian and South African specimens, the former being representative of Callophyllis, the latter of Chondrococcus as currently defined. At the time that I wrote my account of the nomenclatural history of Chondrococcus, typification of generic names was not legislated unequivocally by the ICBN, and the contemporary consensus was that in the event an author based a generic description on one entity but erroneously assigned it to a different entity, the generic name should apply to the material at hand. In the case of Chondrococcus, Kutzing based the generic description on South African material, so that in 1952 I concluded that the correct name for the genus was Chondrococcus. At Sydney in 1981, however, the ICBN was changed to specify that the type of a generic name must be a cited species. Thus, the type of Chondrococcus is either Fucus abscissus or F. lambertii, making the generic name a later taxonomic synonym of Melanthalia Montagne (1843) or Callophyllis Kutzing (1843). J. Agardh (1852 [1851-1863]:639) cited Chondrococcus as a synonym of his emended Desmia, and during the period 1852-1895 only Kutzing used that name. Schmitz (1895:168-172) reviewed the genus and adopted the name Chondrococcus in preference to Desmia. Most subsequent authors have followed Schmitz in this regard. Portieria Zanardini (1851:33) appears to be the only available synonym. This genus was established to receive a single species, P. coccinea, based on material obtained in the Red Sea by Portier, a poorly known French collector (see Zanardini, 1858:210). This species was placed in the synonymy of Chondrococcus hornemannii by Schmitz (1895:170). The status of Portieria as the first generic name unequivocally applied to the rhizophyllidaceous genus under considera tion supports the adoption of this name in preference to manipulating the conservation of either Desmia or Chondrococcus. The genus Portieria includes the following species. Portieria? dichotoma (Hauck) P.C. Silva, new combination {Desmia dichotoma Hauck, 1886 [ 1886-1887]:218. fig. [s.n.]). P. harveyi (J. Agardh) P.C. Silva, new combination (Desmia harveyi]. Agardh, 1876:356). P. hornemannii (Lyngbye) P.C. Silva, new combination (Desmia hornemannii Lyngbye, 1819:35, pi. 7:c). P. japonica (Harvey) P.C. Silva, new combination (Desmia japonica Harvey, 1860a:331). P. kilneri (J. Agardh) P.C. Silva, new combination (Desmia kilneri]. Agardh, 1876:355). P. spinulosa (Kutzing) P.C. Silva, new combination (Chondrococcus spinulosus Kutzing, 1868:11, pi. 32: figs. a-c). It may be noted that Papenfuss (1940:218) recognized Desmia tripinnata as a separate species, but D. Reid Wiseman, in a recent study of material in the Herbarium of the University of California at Berkeley, retained it within the circumscription of Chondrococcus hornemannii. Eupogodon as a Replacement for Dasyopsis The genus Dasyopsis is always attributed to Zanardini (1843:52). In the place cited, however, there is no description. Zanardini merely stated that he was persuaded to segregate Dasya plana C. Agardh and D. spinella C. Agardh into their own genus by the position, form, and disposition of the stichidia, without giving the stichidial characters. Montagne (1844b:611) prepared a special article on Dasyopsis for d'Orbigny's Dictionnaire Universelle d'Histoire Naturelle, but without giving a description. In his Flore d'Algerie, Montagne (1846b:85) reduced Dasyopsis to a subgenus of Dasya and validated the name at subgeneric rank by providing a diagnosis. The following year, Montagne (1847:54) recognized Dasyopsis as a genus. Meanwhile, Kutzing (1845:312), arriving independently at the taxonomic conclusion that Dasya plana should be segregated from Dasya, established the genus Eupogodon. He later (Kutzing, 1849:801) added Dasya spinella and D. cervicornis ]. Agardh to the genus. Kutzing provided a diagnosis in his original publication of Eupogodon, and thus this name takes priority over Dasyopsis (Montagne) Montagne. Kutzing originally treated Eupogodon ("true beardtooth") as a neuter name, but in fact it is masculine, as he himself recognized in subsequent publications. The genus Eupogodon includes the following species. Eupogodon anastomosans (Weber-van Bosse) P.C. Silva, new combination (Dasyopsis anastomosans Weber-van Bosse, 1921:309, pi. VII: fig. X). E. antillarum (Howe) P.C. Silva, new combination (Dasyopsis antillarum Howe, 1920:577). E. apertus (Weber-van Bosse) P.C. Silva, new combination (Dasyopsis aperta Weber-van Bosse, 1913b: 128, pi. 13: fig. 17; pi. 14: fig. 32). E. apiculatus (C. Agardh) P.C. Silva, new combination (Bonnemaisonia apiculata C. Agardh, 1835: no. xxxix, pi. 39).
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Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae
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Corrections to Smithsonian Contribu
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ABSTRACT Silva, Paul C, Ernani G. M
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We dedicate this work to Dr. Gregor
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History of Philippine Phycology Det
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eo 7 2 ^ 7\0=> O 120 124 SMITHSONIA
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nomen novum serves as the basionym
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Entophysalis conferta (Kutzing) Dro
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
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12 Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann
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16 L. martensiana Meneghini L. semi
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Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyng
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24 ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR
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30 Grateloupia C. Agardh Grateloupi
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34 Amphiroa valonioides Yendo Amphi
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42 Gracilaria disticha (J. Agardh)
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54 Bornet. Its morphology, taxonomy
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58 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—LUZON
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62 Bostrychia intricata (Bory de Sa
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72 FAMILIA INCERTAE SEDIS Family WU
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178 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH
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