Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae of the ... - SeaweedAfrica

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126 Dasycladus Cordero, 1979b:282. PANAY: Aklan. [Specimen in UC determined as Chlorocladus australasicus by I.R. Price, 27.i. 1982.] Dictyosphaeria Reyes, 1978:152, pi. 6: figs. 11,12. SIQUIJOR. Enteromorpha Trono, 1972:94. SULU: Tawitawi. Trono, 1973c:4. MINDORO: Oriental Mindoro. Trono, 1975:25. LUZON: Sorsogon. Reyes, 1978:146. SIQUIJOR. Saraya and Trono, 1980:8. LUZON: Pangasinan. Guzman, 1981:42,47, 51. Cordero, 1984a:70. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Halimeda Trono, 1973b:227-228. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Trono, 1973d:9. MINDANAO: Zamboanga. Trono, 1975:39-40. LUZON: Sorsogon. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES Trono and Young, 1977:57. CATANDUANES. Cordero, 1984a:81. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Microdictyon Trono, 1973b:215. SULU: Sulu (Siasi I.). Cordero, 1984a:74. LUZON: Ilocos Norte. Monostroma Reyes, 1972:138. NEGROS: Negros Oriental. Reyes, 1978:146, pi. 3: fig. 6. SIQUIJOR. *Spongomorpha Liao and Sotto, 1980:96 [no description or collecting data], CEBU (Mactan I.). *Trichosolen Gilbert and Doty, 1969:122, fig. 5. LUZON: Rizal. CATANDUANES. CEBU. Ulva Trono, 1975:28. LUZON: Sorsogon. Reyes, 1978:147, pi. 3: fig. 10. SIQUIJOR. Cordero, 1984a:71. LUZON: Ilocos Norte.
Later Starting Points in CYANOPHYCEAE The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN; Voss et al., 1983) states that nomenclature for the Nostocales begins with the monographs of Bornet and Flahault (1886-1888) and Gomont (1892-1893). (The ICBN assigns an arbitrary date of 1886 and 1892, respectively, to these monographs.) An enormous body of taxonomic information about blue-green algae had been published before those distinguished French phycologists wrote their monographs. According to the ICBN, pre-starting point taxonomy may be retained, but pre-starting point nomenclature does not exist. This legalistic nonsense, rather than simplify the nomenclature of blue-green algae, has introduced hopeless confusion. Even those (like Drouet) who profess to follow the ICBN with regard to later starting points are inconsistent. Names treated as synonyms in the starting point monographs are invalid according to the ICBN, but Drouet (1968:14) pointed out that all such names presumably have been validated subsequently "by reference or by a new description." Lacking the time to "search through thousands of local floras, check-lists of species, and morphological, ecological, and physiological papers", Drouet treated those older names "as having been validly and autonomously published, not as synonyms, but by reference to their original descriptions'' in the starting point monograph and subsequent publications. In view of the facts that Drouet has located the types of the majority of blue-green algal species and that blue-green algal taxonomy is in an extraordinary state of flux, it seems pointless to attempt to accommodate their nomenclature to later starting points. Oscillatoria submembranacea is an example of the needless complications caused by the use of later starting points. This species was first described by Ardissone and Strafforello (1877) as Oscillaria submembranacea. In Gomont (1892), the starting point monograph for Oscillatoria, it was treated as Phormidium submembranaceum. In accordance with normal nomenclature, this name would be written Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Strafforello) Gomont, but Article 13.1 of the ICBN renders pre-starting point nomenclature invalid, so that the name must be ascribed solely to Gomont and dated from 1892, not 1877. Drouet (1968:203) transferred the species to Oscillatoria, but incorrectly attributed it directly to Ardissone and Strafforello (considering Oscillaria and Oscillatoria as orthographic variants, an equivocal interpretation). In accordance with later starting points, it should be written Oscillatoria submembranacea (Gomont) Drouet! Nomenclatural Notes by Paul C. Silva 127 In the long course of compiling the Index Nominum Algarum (since 1948), I repeatedly struggled with the complications of later starting points and eventually concluded that it was impractical to continue to do so. The present catalog is my first opportunity to make the iconoclastic move of basing the nomenclature of blue-green algae uniformly on the Linnaean starting date, 1753. The Taxonomy of Acrochaetioid Algae The confused taxonomy of acrochaetioid algae was thoroughly reviewed by Woelkerling (1983a), who expressed personal preference for either of two classifications: a monogeneric scheme using the oldest available name, Audouinella Bory de Saint-Vincent (1823:340, "Auduinella"); or a polygeneric scheme based solely on the type of life history without regard for vegetative features. Woelkerling concluded: "In the short term, it seems to me that it is more important to accumulate detailed, trustworthy data on numerous species than to engage in endless manipulation of generic schemes. Use of either of the above two schemes would provide a workable taxonomic framework while new studies are being carried out." The decision as to which classification would best serve the purposes of this catalog was based on the following considerations. Papenfuss (1945), in trying to delineate the South African acrochaetioid algae, concluded that it was possible to distribute them among four genera on the basis of the number and form of the cloroplasts in each vegetative cell, as follows: Rhodochorton, few to many small, discoid chloroplasts; Acrochaetium, one parietal or laminate chloroplast; Audouinella, one or more spiral chloroplasts; and Chromastrum, one or more stellate chloroplasts. It soon became apparent that the distinction drawn by Papenfuss between Acrochaetium and Chromastrum was difficult to maintain, partly because he (and many subsequent workers) confused form with position. A chloroplast with a stellate form may be axile or parietal in position. There are intermediate situations with regard to both form and position. Feldmann (1962) proposed that Acrochaetium include plants whose cells contain a single chloroplast of either form or position. Woelkerling (1971), believing that vegetative characters are of diagnostic value only at the species level, placed all acrochaetioid algae with sexual stages in one genus, Audouinella. He referred those without sexual stages to Colaconema Batters (1896:8), which he treated as a form
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Catalog of the Benthic Marine Algae
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Corrections to Smithsonian Contribu
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ABSTRACT Silva, Paul C, Ernani G. M
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We dedicate this work to Dr. Gregor
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History of Philippine Phycology Det
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eo 7 2 ^ 7\0=> O 120 124 SMITHSONIA
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nomen novum serves as the basionym
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Entophysalis conferta (Kutzing) Dro
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
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12 Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann
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16 L. martensiana Meneghini L. semi
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Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyng
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24 ental Mindoro. MARINDUQUE. SAMAR
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30 Grateloupia C. Agardh Grateloupi
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34 Amphiroa valonioides Yendo Amphi
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42 Gracilaria disticha (J. Agardh)
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54 Bornet. Its morphology, taxonomy
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58 PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION.—LUZON
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62 Bostrychia intricata (Bory de Sa
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72 FAMILIA INCERTAE SEDIS Family WU
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176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO TH
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