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Gennaio-marzo 2012 - Link Campus University

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link journal 1/<strong>2012</strong> globalizzazione<br />

fix what they cannot measure. An UN-sponsored collaboration<br />

between the ILO YEN, UNEP and other relevant agencies<br />

should systemically monitor how much youth are<br />

benefiting from these programs and provide assistance to national<br />

labour statistics agencies on tracking these data.<br />

4. Improving Youth Participation<br />

The Adoption of either one global, or several regional conventions<br />

based on principle 10 of the Rio Declaration .<br />

Such instrument could serve as a tool of enshrining participation<br />

as a right, and upgrade existing participation practices.<br />

Hence a compliance mechanism is crucial and could potentially<br />

be modeled to the compliance mechanism of the Aarhus<br />

Convention.<br />

The inclusion of civil society representatives and youth representatives<br />

in bureaus and boards of relevant bodies for<br />

youth development is necessary, regardless of its political<br />

process or implementing instrument nature. This could be inspired<br />

by different models already in existence, such as the<br />

UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board or the Council of<br />

Europe’s Joint Council on Youth. In case a Sustainable Development<br />

Council is established, a strong youth-presence in<br />

the governance of the Council should be one of the criteria<br />

guiding its establishment.<br />

The support of young people and their organisations to participate<br />

in the decision-making process, though the recognition<br />

that participation is more than access and needs<br />

empowered actors. It is crucial to give an explicit mandate<br />

and adequate resources for UNDESA to empower young<br />

people to be involved into decision making. The de-facto inclusion<br />

of youth-representatives in the National Sustainable<br />

Development Councils (NSDCs). Youth are one of the<br />

Agenda 21 Civil Society Sectors that are too easily forgotten<br />

in the make-up of these NSDCs. In councils where young<br />

people are included, their membership is often limited to an<br />

observer role. Hence a balanced representation of the Agenda<br />

21 interests is crucial when redesigning the NSDCs. Where<br />

such councils already exist, they should be strengthened and<br />

provided with the adequate resources, political leverage and<br />

support by exchanging best-practices.<br />

5. Improving representation of young and future generations<br />

Furthermore, we call for the establishment of an independent<br />

Office of the UN High Commissioner for Future Generations.<br />

The High Commissioner would have both an agendasetting<br />

and advisory role with regard to the long-term<br />

environmental and social coherence and impacts of UN agencies,<br />

policies and programmes and other multilateral treaties.<br />

It would function in close cooperation with civil society. This<br />

office would also support the capacity of developing countries<br />

to establish effective mechanisms of intergenerational<br />

accountability.<br />

Please note this article is based on the UNCSD Major Group<br />

of Children and Youth's contribution to input for the Global<br />

69<br />

Sustainability Panel on youth unemployment and youth participation.<br />

We will soon have more on jobs...<br />

------------------------------------<br />

Bibliography<br />

Coenjaerts, Ernst Fortuny, Rei, and Pilgrim (2009), “Promoting Pro-<br />

Poor Growth--Youth Employment”. ILO and YEN, Geneva.<br />

Clark, K.B. and L. Summers (1982), “The dynamics of youth unemployment”,<br />

in The Youth Labour Market Problem: Its Nature,<br />

Causes and Consequences, Freeman, R. and D. Wise (eds.),<br />

pp. 199–234, <strong>University</strong> of Chicago Press.<br />

Betcherman,B., Godfrey,M., Puerto,S., and Rother, F. and Stavreska, A.<br />

(2007) “A Review of Interventions to Support Young Workers:<br />

Findings of the Youth Employment Inventory” Social Protection<br />

Discussion Paper No. 0715. World Bank, Washington, D.C.<br />

Freeman, R. and D. Wise (eds.) (1982), “The Youth Labour Market<br />

Problem: Its Nature, Causes and Consequences”, <strong>University</strong> of<br />

Chicago Press.<br />

Gagliarducci S. (2004) What is really bad in temporary employment?<br />

http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/employment_analysis/do<br />

cs/041008_gagliard_1.pdf<br />

Ghellab, Y. (1998) ‘Minimum wages and youth unemployment’,<br />

Employment Training Papers 26, www.ilo.org<br />

Godfrey, M. (2003), “Youth Employment Policy in Developing<br />

and Transition Countries – Prevention as well as Cure”, Social<br />

Protection Discussion Paper No. 320, World Bank, Washington,<br />

D.C.<br />

ILO (2010), “Global Employment Trends”, ILO, Geneva. Pp<br />

48-49, and pp56-60.<br />

ILO (2011), “Global Employment Trends for Youth”, ILO,<br />

Geneva.<br />

ILO: Key Indicators of the Labour Market, 7th Edition<br />

(Geneva, 2011), Chapter 1, section A for more information on<br />

the working poor<br />

ILO (2011), “Global Employment Trends”, ILO, Geneva.<br />

ILO (2011) “Tackling Youth Employment Challenges”, in An<br />

Introductory Guide for Employers’ Organisations. ILO Training<br />

Centre. Turin, Italy.<br />

IOE (2005) Youth employment: Secretariat note, www.ioeemp.org<br />

Jensen, P., Rosholm, M. and Svarer, M. (2003) ‘The response of<br />

youth unemployment to benefits, incentives, and sanctions’, European<br />

Journal of Political Economy Vol. 19, pp. 301 – 316<br />

www.sam.sdu.dk/undervis/92172.E03/jensenetal.pdf<br />

OECD (2005) Policy brief: From unemployment to work<br />

www.oecd.org<br />

Scarpetta, S., Sonnet, A. and Manfredi, T .;(2010) “Rising youth unemployment<br />

during the crisis: How to prevent negative longterm<br />

consequences on a generation”, OECD Social,<br />

Employment and Migration Papers, No. 106;<br />

www.oecd.org/els/workingpapers.<br />

Sperling, G. (2008) A Global Education Fund: Toward a True<br />

Global Compact on Universal Education. Working Paper for<br />

the Council on Foreign Relations.

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