A Chronology of Middle Missouri Plains Village Sites

764 • smithsonian contributions to botany
Common Names: Spike-grass (Bahamas), Lágrimas de san Pedro
(Cuba), Espartillo, Patilla (Dominican Republic), Z’herbe à flèche
(Haiti).
References: 2, 3, 5, 10, 19, 30, 45, 61, 123, 151, 246, 254, 298, 300.
Urochloa adspersa (Trin.) R.D. Webster, Syst. Bot. 13: 607. 1988;
Panicum adspersum Trin., Gram. Panic. 146. 1826; Brachiaria
adspersa (Trin.) Parodi, Darwiniana 15: 96. 1969.
Brachiaria echinulata (Mez) Parodi, Darwiniana 15: 94. 1969; Panicum
echinulatum Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 62. 1917.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas,
Tortola, Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua,
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Saba, St.
Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin), United States, and South America.
References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 30, 45, 61, 223, 246, 254, 299.
Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga,
Darwiniana 31: 69. 1992; Brachiaria arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand
& Schinz) Stent, Bothalia 1: 263. 1924.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, United States, Mexico, Central
America, and South America; native to Africa.
References: 151, 159, 254, 299, 383.
Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster, Austral.
Paniceae (Poaceae) 233. 1987; Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex
A. Rich.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9(2): 531. 1919.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and South America; native
to Africa.
References: 151, 159, 254, 299.
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae)
234. 1987; Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9(2): 528.
1919.
Distribution: Exotic in Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico, Central America,
and South America; native to Africa.
References: 41, 151, 159, 299, 383, 643.
Urochloa dictyoneura (Fig. & De Not.) Veldkamp, Blumea 41: 418.
1996.
Distribution: Cultivated in Cuba and South America; native to Africa.
References: 159, 299, 533.
Urochloa distachya (L.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966:
13. 1966.
Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae
(Poaceae) 252. 1987; Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc.,
Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 214. 1929.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands (Tortola), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Grenada, St.
Lucia), Trinidad, United States, Mexico, Central America, and
South America; native to tropical Asia.
References: 1, 3, 41, 45, 150, 159, 254, 299, 464.
Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D. Webster = Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F.
Hansen & Wunderlin
Urochloa fusca (Sw.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin, Novon 11: 368. 2001;
Panicum fuscum Sw., Prodr. 23. 1788.
Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D. Webster, Austral. Paniceae (Poaceae)
235. 1987; Panicum fasciculatum Sw., Prodr. 22. 1788; Brachiaria
fasciculata (Sw.) S.T. Blake, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 81: 4.
1969.
Panicum flavescens Sw., Prodr. 23. 1788.
Distribution: Native to Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola,
Virgin Gorda), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados,
Dominica, Grenada, Grenadines, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Montserrat, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St.
Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Bonaire, Curaçao, Margarita, United
States, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
References: 1, 2, 3, 19, 30, 45, 61, 151, 246, 254, 299, 323, 479.
Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga, Darwiniana 31:
80. 1992.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Central America, and
South America; native to Africa.
References: 151, 159, 299.
Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D. Webster = Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.)
B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs
Urochloa mollis (Sw.) Morrone & Zuloaga, Darwiniana 33: 85. 1992;
Panicum molle Sw., Prodr. 22. 1788; Brachiaria mollis (Sw.)
Parodi, Darwiniana 15: 100. 1969.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Virgin Islands (St.
Croix), Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Mexico, Central America, and
South America.
References: 2, 3, 5, 151, 159, 246, 254, 299, 479.
Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 54. 1931.
Distribution: Exotic in Puerto Rico; native to Africa.
References: 151, 159, 299.
Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.
1966: 13. 1966; Panicum muticum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 20.
1775; Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9(2): 526.
1919.
Brachiaria purpurascens (Raddi) Henrard, Blumea 3: 434. 1940;
Panicum purpurascens Raddi, Agrostogr. Bras. 47. 1823.
Panicum barbinode Trin., Sp. Gram. 3(27): t. 318. 1829-1830.
Panicum guadaloupense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 61. 1853.
Distribution: Exotic in Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola,
Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands (St. Croix), Lesser
Antilles (Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, Montserrat, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St.
Martin, St. Vincent), Tobago, Trinidad, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao,
Margarita, United States, Mexico, Central America, and South
America; native to Brazil.
References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 45, 61, 150, 151, 159, 230, 240, 254, 299, 323,
479.
Urochloa plantaginea (Link) R.D. Webster, Syst. Bot. 13: 607. 1988;
Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12:
212. 1909.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles
(St. Lucia), Trinidad, Mexico, Central America, South America,
and Africa.
References: 1, 3, 151, 159, 223, 254, 299.
Urochloa platyphylla (Munro ex C. Wright) R.D. Webster, Syst.
Bot. 13: 606. 1988; Panicum platyphyllum Munro ex C.
Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Méd. Habana 8: 206. 1871; Paspalum
platyphyllum Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 230. 1866, nom. illeg.
Brachiaria extensa Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 28: 240. 1929.
Distribution: Native to Cuba, United States, and South America.
References: 3, 151, 159, 246, 254, 299.
Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9(4): 601. 1920; Panicum
reptans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 870. 1759; Brachiaria reptans (L.)
C.A. Gardner & C.E. Hubb., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3363, f. 3.
1938.
Panicum caespitosum Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 146. 1797.
Panicum grossarium L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 871. 1759.
Panicum prostratum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171. 1791.
Distribution: Exotic in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas), Lesser Antilles (Anguilla,
Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique,