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Author's personal copy 1152 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 407 (2009) 1135– 1152 anthropogenic influences, contaminated land and waste, vol. 9. The Mineralogical Society Series; 2000. p. 117–39. Kwong YT, Lawrence JR. Mineralogical controls of sulfide oxidation. National Hydrology Research Institute, NHRI contribution n° 94010; 1994. Lottermoser B. Mine wastes – characterization, treatment and environmental impacts. Berlin: Springer; 2003. Lottermoser B, Ashley P. Mobility and retention of trace elements in hardpan-cemented cassiterite tailings, north Queensland, Australia. Environ Geol 2006;50:835–46. McKibben AA, Barnes HL. Oxidation of pyrite in low temperature acidic solutions: rate laws and surface textures. Geochim et Cosmochim Acta 1986;50:1509–20. Murad E, Rojík P. Iron-rich precipitates in a mine drainage environment: influence of pH on mineralogy. Am Mineral 2003;88:1915–8. Nordstrom DK, Southam G. Geomicrobiology of sulfide mineral oxidation. In: Banfield JF, Nealson KH, editors. Geomicrobiology: interactions between microbes and minerals, vol. 35. Rev Mineral; 1997. p. 361–90. Nordstrom DK, Alpers CN. Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site, California. Proc Natl Acad Sci US 1999;96:3455–62. Pérez-López R, Nieto JM, Alvarez-Valero AM, Almodôvar GR. Mineralogy of the hardpan formation processes in the interface between sulfide-rich sludge and fly ash: applications for acid mine drainage mitigation. Am Mineral 2007;92:1966–77. Plumlee, G.S.; Nash, J.T. Geoenvironmental models of mineral deposits – fundamentals and applications. In: Edward du Bray ed. Preliminary compilation of descriptive geoenvironmental mineral deposits USGS, Open-File Report 1995; 95–831. Ritchie AIM. Rates of mechanisms that govern pollution generation from pyretic wastes. In: Alpers CN, Blowes DW, editors. Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation, vol. 550. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser; 1994. p. 108–22. Sainz A, Grande JA, de la Torre ML. Characterization of heavy metal discharge into the Ria of Helva. Environ Int 2004;30:557–66. Sanchéz J, Pamo EL, Santofimia E, Aduvire O, Reyes J, Barettino G. Acid mine drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Odiel river watershed, Huelva, SW Spain): geochemistry, mineralogy and environmental implications. Appl Geochem 2005;20:1320–56. Swayze G, Smith KS, Clark RN, Sutley SJ, Pearson RM, Vance JS, et al. Using imaging spectroscopy to map acidic mine waste. Environ Sci Technol 2000;34:47–54. Schwertmann U, Carlson L, Murad E. Properties of iron oxides in two Finnish lakes in relation to the environment of their formation. Clay Clay Miner 1987;35:297–304. Singh B, Wilson MJ, McHardy WJ, Fraser AR, Merrington G. Mineralogy and chemistry of ochre sediments from an acid mine drainage near a disused mine in Cornwall, UK. Clay Miner 1999;34:301–17. Smith KS, Ranville JF, Plumlee GS, Macalady DL. Predictive doublelayer modeling of sorption in mine drainage systems. In: Jenne EA, editor. Adsorption of metal by geomedia – Variables, mechanisms and model applications. Academic Press; 1998. p. 522–48. Valente, T. Modelos de caracterização do impacte ambiental para escombreiras reactivas – equilíbrio e evolução de resíduos de actividade extractiva. PhD. thesis, Universidade do Minho, Portugal [in Portuguese, with English abstract]; 2004. Valente T, Leal Gomes C. Caracterização dos produtos ocres de drenagem da escombreira de Valdarcas – indicadores das condições de drenagem ácida. XIV Semana de Geoquímica, Aveiro, Portugal; 2005. p. 535–40. Valente T, Leal Gomes C. The role of two acidophilic algae as ecological indicators of acid mine drainage sites. J Iberian Geol 2007;33:283–94. Valente T, Leal Gomes C. Fuzzy modelling of acid mine drainage environments using geochemical, ecological and mineralogical indicators. Environ Geol 2008. doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1344-7. Valsami-Jones E. Section 3: minerals in contaminated environments. In: Campbell LS, Valsami-Jones E, Batchelder M, editors. Environmental Mineralogy: microbial interactions, anthropogenic influences, contaminated land and waste, vol. 9. The Mineralogical Society Series; 2000. p. 201–5. Vaughan DJ, Pattrick RD, Wogelius RA. Minerals, metals and molecules: ore and environmental mineralogy in the new millennium. Mineral Mag 2002;66:653–76.
ISSN (print): 1698-6180. ISSN (online): 1886-7995 www.ucm.es /info/estratig/journal.htm Journal of Iberian Geology 33 (2) 2007: XXX-YYY The role of two acidophilic algae as ecological indicators of acid mine drainage sites El papel de dos algas acidófilas como indicadores ecológicos de zonas de drenajes ácidos de minas T. M. Valente*, C. L. Gomes Centre of Geological Research, Management and Valorisation of Resources – CIG-R, Earth Sciences Department, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal *Corresponding author: teresav@dct.uminho.pt, Phone: +351253604300, Fax: +351253678206 Received: 07/10/06 / Accepted: 04/05/07 Abstract Acidic effluents, emerging from four abandoned mines (Valdarcas, Carris, Adoria and Cerquido) in Northern Portugal were analyzed regarding physical-chemical, mineralogical and ecological characteristics. Such effluents present distinct properties since they were mobilized from wastes of different primary ores and mining procedures. Results show that acidophilic algal colonization is dominated by Euglena mutabilis and Klebsormidium sp.. Abundance and distribution of both algae are related to different intensity of acid mine drainage (AMD) at each mining site. Mineral-alga interactions influence metal deposition at Valdarcas and probably contribute to iron mineral precipitation. Euglena mutabilis displayed a preference for schwertmannite-rich AMD precipitates, which may suggest a mineralogical control on algal colonization. Spatial distribution of E. mutabilis can be used to qualitatively assess water quality improvements along the effluent channel. Keywords: acid mine drainage; acidophilic algae; Euglena mutabilis; Klebsormidium; ecological indicator; mineral-alga interaction Resumen Las aguas residuales ácidas que emergen de cuatro minas abandonadas (Valdarcas, Carris, Adoria y Cerquido) en el norte de Portugal fueron analizadas según sus características físico-químicas, mineralógicas y ecológicas. Estas aguas residuales presentan distintas características ya que se desplazaron desde escombreras con estériles de diferentes tipos genéticos de depósitos minerales y procedimientos de minería. Los resultados muestran que la colonización de algas acidófilas está dominada por Euglena mutabilis y Klebsormidium sp.. La abundancia y la distribución de ambas algas está relacionada con la diversa intensidad de los drenajes ácidos de mina (AMD) en cada sitio de explotación minera. Las interacciones de tipo mineral-alga influyen en la deposición metálica en Valdarcas y probablemente contribuyen para la precipitación de minerales del hierro. Euglena mutabilis muestra una preferencia por los precipitados ricos en schwertmannite, que puede sugerir un control mineralógico en la colonización de algas. La distribución espacial de E. mutabilis puede servir para evaluar cualitativamente las mejoras en la calidad del agua a lo largo del canal receptor de AMD. Palabras clave: Drenajes ácidos de mina; algas acidófilas; Euglena mutabilis; Klebsormidium; indicador ecológico; interacción mineral-agua
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constitucionais (Tabela 1) - e, de
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REFERÊNCIAS Alfama V., Gomes A.M.,
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30º Curso de Actualização de Pro
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Tabela 1. Tamanho do grão em rocha
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aos alunos uma reflexão sobre mine
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Figura 4. Classificação de Streke
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das rochas, afim de deduzir qual a
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3. ROCHAS METAMÓRFICAS As rochas m
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Figura 11. Relação entre o tipo d
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sempre a determinação do tipo de
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Para relacionar o grau crescente de
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Rochas detríticas As rochas detrí
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Tabela 14: Componentes dos calcári
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Geomorfologia e Património Geomorf
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Norte Foz do Lima Microgeoformas al
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Fig. 4 - Geossítios do Forte do C
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algumas pias de forma lobada e late
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perfeita. Acima da Estrada Nacional
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Geossítio do Monte do Galeão - Vi
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na encosta atlântica, a 85 metros;
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Fig. 19a- MDT de declives do concel
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terão sofrido soerguimento Alpino
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Fig. 22 - Soerguimento relativo dos
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tenha sido pouco intenso ou que a e
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Fig. 26 - Afloramento de geoformas
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Fig. 29 - Enquadramento estrutural
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ALVES, A.; 1996. Causas e processos
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