Protestantismo em Revista, volume 09 (Ano 05, n.1) - Faculdades EST

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Revista Eletrônica do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa do Protestantismo (NEPP) da Escola Superior de TeologiaVolume 09, jan.-abr. de 2006 – ISSN 1678 6408If we look into the UN documents on tolerance, we will find that both theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights (from 1948) and UNESCO’s Declaration ofPrinciples on Tolerance (1995) refer to tolerance as an attitude that should be fosteredby education. Tolerance is not only seen as a political and legal requirement but also asa moral duty related to friendship. It even means “appreciation of the rich diversityof our world’s cultures”.Since the 1990s, and particularly after 9/11, the notion of tolerance hasbecome entangled in discussions about Islam and the West. As regards toleranceeducation, he US government has put considerable pressure upon Muslim majoritystates such as Egypt , Saudi Arabia and Pakistan to revise their curricula for teachingIslam in school. More independent observers have also noted the need to revise theway in which the Jewish, Christian or Western Other is depicted in prevailing Islamictextbooks. Muslim educators feel often squeezed between the pressure from outsideand resistance from local religious leaders to their efforts at merging classical Islamicnotions of tolerance with modern standards of human rights.If one looks at Egypt’s revised curricula for ethical and religious education,one will find that the modern Arabic word for tolerance, tasamuh, figuresprominently in both syllabi and textbooks. In classical Arabic, the word tasamuhcarries rich connotations of personal virtues such as patience and generosity. Thecoining of tasamuh as a word for political tolerance, however, is modern. As for itspolitical implications, it is not always clear whether tasamuh transcends thetraditional limits set by Muslim cultures for religious and moral pluralism.In both East and West, his question is often blurred when tolerance ispraised: exactly where are the implicit limits to tolerance drawn?Disponível na Internet: http://www3.est.edu.br/nepp 82
Revista Eletrônica do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa do Protestantismo (NEPP) da Escola Superior de TeologiaVolume 09, jan.-abr. de 2006 – ISSN 1678 6408ConscienceAs we have noted, however, tolerance is not only about politics. It has also todo with personal attitudes. When discussing tolerance education, both the personaland political dimensions of the concept should be brought to bear.In order to avoid a superficial understanding of tolerance as a more or lessunwilling “toleration” of others, in what follows I will suggest that teachingfortolerance should be linked with educational efforts at strengthening the bond ofconscience across cultural and religious divides.It seems in fact that young people intuitively link the notion of tolerance withpersonal qualities – and the voice of conscience. When the Oslo Coalition onFreedom of Religion or Belief (which has got a project named “Teaching forTolerance”) called for a worldwide writing contest for youth and students, nearly allof the “Stories of Tolerance” that were submitted associated tolerance with personalrelationships – like a bond of conscience across all barriers . The winning storyportrays a Christian and a Muslim student in Nigeria who were able to reconcilewith each other and deepen their friendship – after having been divided for sometime over religious differences that were hard to tackle.This understanding of tolerance is in line with UNESCO’s Declaration, which(as we have seen) relates tolerance to friendship and (freedom of) conscience.In the Christian history of ideas, the notion of conscience goes back to theNew Testament which associates conscience with a moral knowledge that can beshared by Jews, Christians, Greeks and Romans. In Thomas Aquinas’ laterunderstanding, human conscience reflects the natural law that is written in the heartof every human being. This was also the conviction of the ancient Greeks: the abodeof conscience is the human heart.Disponível na Internet: http://www3.est.edu.br/nepp 83
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Protestantismo em Revista, volume 09 (Ano 05, n.1) - Faculdades EST

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