Wasser in der Landwirtschaft - agriwaterpedia.info

A3.3 Water in Agriculture: Policies, Institutions and Capacity Development
Walter Huppert
Free Consultant, formerly GTZ
The transition from rainfed agriculture to the artificial use of surface water or groundwater for crop
production normally has a serious consequence which is often underestimated. Farmers, who have been
independent decision makers with respect to their cropping calendar before, are now obliged to
coordinate with others in the quest for water allocation and use. Trends toward growing water scarcity in
many countries increase such coordination requirements if conflicts are to be avoided. The need to
coordinate between multiple actors in a system of agricultural water use is compounded by the necessity
to coordinate actions with other water uses outside the system and sometimes even outside the national
boundaries. Therefore, the call for efficient and equitable water management is, before all, a call for more
effective coordination.
However, in reality, effective coordination in agricultural water use is difficult to achieve in developing
countries. Hence, the statement of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) that the “water crisis is often a
crisis of governance” is of particular relevance for water use in agriculture. The presentation scrutinizes
the different means and instruments that can ensure effective coordination.
It emphasizes the role of institutions and governance and puts forward an
important contention: Most projects and programs in the area of agricultural
water assume to operate under optimal institutional conditions or intend to
establish such conditions during implementation. Both assumptions rarely
materialize in reality. Therefore, with respect to water use in agriculture,
Development Cooperation (DC) is called upon to devise project and
program policies, strategies and capacity development approaches that
correspond to the prevailing sub-optimal institutional conditions in partner
countries. Examples from German DC that are in line with such requests are
presented and discussed.
A3.4 Regionalentwicklung der FZ im Bereich Wasser in der Landwirtschaft: Nordafrika,
Lateinamerika, Subsahara-Afrika
Jürgen Fechter
KfW Entwicklungsbank
Die Bewässerung hat in der deutschen EZ eine lange Tradition. Die zu Beginn der 1970er Jahre bis in die
1980er initiierten Großprojekte blieben vor allem in Subsahara-Afrika (SSA) zum größten Teil hinter den
ambitionierten Erwartungen zurück. Bei der Konzeption wurden oftmals die Investitionskosten unterschätzt
und die Marktentwicklung für landwirtschaftliche Produkte zu positiv gesehen. Insbesondere wurde
in den Anfängen der Förderung die Einbeziehung der Nutzer nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt und der
Einfluss von Politik und schwachen administrativen Strukturen unterbewertet.
In der Landwirtschaft engagiert sich die FZ heute in Nordafrika hauptsächlich in der Rehabilitierung und
Effizienzsteigerung von Bewässerungssystemen. In Lateinamerika liegt der Schwerpunkt der Kooperation
in der Andenregion, wo Bewässerungsprojekte bei der Armutsbekämpfung und der effizienten Nutzung
von Wasser in Regionen mit Bewässerungstradition erfolgreich sind. In Subsahara-Afrika, wo die größten
37