Water and Solute Permeability of Plant Cuticles: Measurement and ...

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128 5 Penetration of Ionic Solutes Fig. 5.1 Fluorescence micrographs of stomatous leaf surfaces of Helxine soleirolii (a–c), Phaseolus vulgaris (d, e) and Vicia faba (f–h) treated with berberine chloride (1gl −1 ) for 2–3 h in light. The photographs were taken using a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope equipped with a Zeiss AxioCam digital camera and AxioVision 3.1 software (Zeiss, Germany). The Zeiss filter set No. 02 (excitation: G 365 nm; beam splitter FT 395 nm, excitation: LP 420 nm) was used. (Taken from Schönherr 2006)
5.2 Experimental Methods 129 Fig. 5.2 Bright field micrographs of leaf surfaces of Phaseolus vulgaris after treatment with silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution for 1 h. Sites of a strong silver precipitation are anticlinal cell walls, cuticular ledges and glandular trichomes. Data from Schönherr (1969) Fig. 5.3 Surface view of mercury precipitates in Allium (a) and Convallaria (b) leaf epidermal walls. (Taken from Schönherr and Bukovac 1970a) Copious amounts of mercury precipitates can be found in anticlinal walls, while over periclinal walls mercury is rarely found. The effect of removing waxes on distribution pattern indicates that waxy domains are impermeable to HgCl 2 , even though it dissolves in benzene. Perhaps crystalline wax domains are impermeable to HgCl 2 , while amorphous waxes are not. This would imply that precipitates form in the cell wall wherever the cuticle is free of crystalline waxes. This apparently applies also to silver precipitates and distribution of berberine chloride (Figs. 5.1 and 5.2). 5.2 Experimental Methods Permeability of cuticles to polar non-electrolytes (Sect. 6.2; Fig. 6.23) and electrolytes is very low and difficult to measure accurately. Quantitative measurements require maximum driving force—that is, concentrated solutions. This can
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Water and Solute Permeability of Pl
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Professor Dr. Lukas Schreiber Ecoph
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vi Preface This is not a review abo
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Contents 1 Chemistry and Structure
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Contents xi 4.6.3 Diffusion Coeffic
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Contents xiii 7.4.2 Effects of Plas
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2 1 Chemistry and Structure of Cuti
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10 1 Chemistry and Structure of Cut
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Chapter 2 Quantitative Description
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2.1 Models for Analysing Mass Trans
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2.3 Steady State Diffusion Across a
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2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Sol
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2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Sol
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2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane wit
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2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane wit
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2.6 Determination of the Diffusion
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Solutions 51 2.7 Summary In this ch
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Chapter 3 Permeance, Diffusion and
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3.1 Units of Permeability 55 3.1.1
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3.1 Units of Permeability 57 identi
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3.3 Partition Coefficients 59 The d
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Chapter 4 Water Permeability All te
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4.1 Water Permeability of Synthetic
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4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer M
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4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer M
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 69 The hi
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 71 has an
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 73 Counte
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4.4 Water Vapour Sorption and Perme
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178 6 Diffusion of Non-Electrolytes
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206 7 Accelerators Increase Solute
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Chapter 8 Effects of Temperature on
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8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
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8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
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8.2 Solute Mobility in Cuticles 239
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8.3 Water Permeability in CM and MX
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8.3 Water Permeability in CM and MX
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8.4 Thermal Expansion of CM, MX, Cu
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Problems 257 E D (kJ/mol) DH S (kJ/
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Chapter 9 General Methods, Sources
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9.2 Testing Integrity of Isolated C
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9.4 Distribution of Water and Solut
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9.6 Cutin and Wax Analysis and Prep
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9.7 Measuring Water Permeability 26
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9.8 Measuring Solute Permeability 2
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276 Appendix A Abbreviations (conti
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278 Appendix A Symbols (continued)
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280 Appendix B Physico-chemical pro
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Appendix C Index of Plants Botanica
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References Abraham MH, McGowan JC (
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References 287 Doty PM, Aiken WH, M
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References 289 Kolattukudy P (2004)
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References 291 Sabljic A, Güsten H
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References 293 Schreiber L, Schönh
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Index 2,4-D, 46 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy
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Index 297 leaf disks, 130 leaf surf
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Index 299 water molar volume, 110 p
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