Water and Solute Permeability of Plant Cuticles: Measurement and ...

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Index 297 leaf disks, 130 leaf surface microorganisms, 171 limiting barrier, 94, 108 limiting skin, 87, 94, 178, 183, 184, 190, 199, 269 surface wax, 190 thickness, 108 lipophilic compartments, 145 lipophilic matrix, 88, 89 lipophilic pathway, 106 lipophility, 209 mass, 3 mass spectrometry, 4, 11 mass transfer, 46 membrane asymmetry, 178 heterogeneity, 156 homogeneous, 64, 156, 176 membrane potentials, 66 membrane thickness, 35, 64, 108 methyl glucose, 227 methylation, 104 micelle, 206, 216, 222, 229 MnO2, 21 mobility effect of plasticisers, 225 model cuticular transpiration barrier, 120 molar volumes, 158, 159, 189, 197, 220 molecular size, 197 monodisperse alcohol ethoxylates, 207, 208, 225 monolayer, 114, 120, 121, 169, 170, 247 water barrier, 115 monolayers, 114 multilayers, 239 n-alkyl esters, 211, 218, 226 Naringinin, 72 NMR spectroscopy, 6 non-electrolytes, 153 nuclear magnetic resonance, 212 octanol/water partition coefficient, 145 Ohm’s law, 37 organic salt residues, 135 osmotic pressure, 79 OsO4, 20 paraffin, 112 crystals, 113 water vapour transmission, 112 paraffin wax, 111, 112, 252 parallel paths, 94 partial pressure, 56 partial vapour pressure, 74, 75, 92 partition coefficient, 40, 44, 58, 59, 64, 146, 147, 151, 152, 156, 159, 234, 264 alcohol ethoxylates, 210 degree of ionization, 151 lipophilic solutes, 151 plasticisers, 206 polar compounds, 152 temperature effect, 236 water, 117 path length of diffusion, 200 pavement cells, 118 pectinase, 2 penetration, 173 biphasic, 163 CaCl2, 136 droplets, 172 leaf surface, 173 leaves, 160 needles, 160 salt, 134 pentachlorophenol, 162, 207 permeability, 53 dark, 139 diffusional, 85 light, 139 viscous, 85 permeability coefficient, 36, 57 permeance, 43, 53, 153–156, 198 distribution, 263 histogram, 264 hole, 262 prediction, 158 pesticides, 205 phase transition, 233, 249, 251, 252 phenols, 3 plant nutrition, vi plant protection, v, vi plasmalemma, 38 plasticiser, 213, 223, 226 plasticisers, 158, 192, 205, 220 plasticising effect, 212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 224 cuticular transpiration, 229 reversibility, 221 point of deliquescence, 130, 134, 272 polar aqueous pores, 121 polar non-electrolytes, 129 polyethylene, 32 polyethylene terephthalate, 55 polymer
298 Index homogeneous, 62 matrix, 61 polar, 62 synthetic, 61, 62 polymer membranes viscosity, 240 polymethacrylate, 49 polypeptides, 7 polysaccharides, 75 pore diameter, 86 pore area, 81 pore radii, 80, 85, 87, 90, 137 pore size, 78, 85 pores, 89 porometry, 262 potassium permanganate, 15 precipitates, 129 precipitation of AgCl, 106 projected surface area, 169 radio-labelled solute, 269 radioactivity, 267, 269 rate constants, 37, 132, 136, 164, 181, 183, 191 rates of cuticular penetration optimising, vi predicting, vi reconstituted cuticular wax, 98, 197 reconstituted wax preparation, 264 reconstituted wax samples, 194 resistance, 37 resistivity, 37 salt penetration, 132 scanning electron microscopy, 18 self-diffusion, 78 silylation, 4 simulation of foliar penetration, 191, 192 size of pores, 81 size of solutes, 158 size selectivities, 199, 200 size selectivity, 137, 139, 188, 198, 220 SOFP, 130, 272 solubilisation, 229 solute molecular weight, 84 solute diffusion accelerating effects, 215 solute mobilities, 188 solute mobility, 180, 184, 186, 189, 269 solute permeability, 153, 268 solute radii, 83 solute size, 137 sorption, 49 cuticle, 165 temperature, 233 wax, 165 sorption compartment, 178, 180, 182, 184 sorption isotherm, 58, 77, 104 sorption site 4-nitrophenol, 236 specific gravity, 3 specific surface areas, 169 spin label, 213 state flow rates, 154 steady state, 32, 43 steady state diffusion, 38, 41 Stokes–Einstein relationship, 86 stomata, 118, 126 stomatal infiltration, 162 structure–property relationships, v submersion technique, 159, 191, 269 Sudan III, 15 surface tension, 134 surfactant, 133, 205, 207, 273 swelling, 92 synthetic polymers water vapour permeability, 254 thermal expansion, 251 thermodynamics water permeability, 247 thickness of CM, 93 thin-layer chromatography, 11 titration, 68, 69 titration curves, 71 tortuosity, 64, 86, 99, 220, 246 transesterification, 3 transmission electron microscopy, 20 transport limiting barrier, 200 transport-limiting barrier, 193, 225 transversal heterogeneity, 15 trichomes, 126, 127 triterpenoids, 14 tritiated water, 267 UDIS, 186, 269, 271 UDOS, 272 unilateral desorption, 180, 185 urea, 32, 33 Van der Waals forces, 233 vapour pressure, 54, 74 vapour pressures, 54 vapour sorption, 92 volume expansion, 7
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Water and Solute Permeability of Pl
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Professor Dr. Lukas Schreiber Ecoph
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vi Preface This is not a review abo
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Contents 1 Chemistry and Structure
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Contents xi 4.6.3 Diffusion Coeffic
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Contents xiii 7.4.2 Effects of Plas
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2 1 Chemistry and Structure of Cuti
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10 1 Chemistry and Structure of Cut
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Chapter 2 Quantitative Description
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2.1 Models for Analysing Mass Trans
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2.3 Steady State Diffusion Across a
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2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Sol
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2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Sol
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2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane wit
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2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane wit
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2.6 Determination of the Diffusion
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Solutions 51 2.7 Summary In this ch
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Chapter 3 Permeance, Diffusion and
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3.1 Units of Permeability 55 3.1.1
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3.1 Units of Permeability 57 identi
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3.3 Partition Coefficients 59 The d
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Chapter 4 Water Permeability All te
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4.1 Water Permeability of Synthetic
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4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer M
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4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer M
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 69 The hi
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 71 has an
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 73 Counte
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4.4 Water Vapour Sorption and Perme
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4.4 Water Vapour Sorption and Perme
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4.5 Diffusion and Viscous Transport
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4.6 Water Permeability of Isolated
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Problems 121 Our present knowledge
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Solutions 123 5. Ca 2+ , because se
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126 5 Penetration of Ionic Solutes
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146 6 Diffusion of Non-Electrolytes
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206 7 Accelerators Increase Solute
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Chapter 8 Effects of Temperature on
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8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
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8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
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8.2 Solute Mobility in Cuticles 239
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Page 256 and 257: 8.3 Water Permeability in CM and MX
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Page 260 and 261: 8.4 Thermal Expansion of CM, MX, Cu
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Page 266 and 267: Problems 257 E D (kJ/mol) DH S (kJ/
Page 268 and 269: Chapter 9 General Methods, Sources
Page 270 and 271: 9.2 Testing Integrity of Isolated C
Page 272 and 273: 9.4 Distribution of Water and Solut
Page 274 and 275: 9.6 Cutin and Wax Analysis and Prep
Page 276 and 277: 9.7 Measuring Water Permeability 26
Page 278 and 279: 9.8 Measuring Solute Permeability 2
Page 284 and 285: 276 Appendix A Abbreviations (conti
Page 286 and 287: 278 Appendix A Symbols (continued)
Page 288 and 289: 280 Appendix B Physico-chemical pro
Page 290 and 291: Appendix C Index of Plants Botanica
Page 292 and 293: References Abraham MH, McGowan JC (
Page 294 and 295: References 287 Doty PM, Aiken WH, M
Page 296 and 297: References 289 Kolattukudy P (2004)
Page 298 and 299: References 291 Sabljic A, Güsten H
Page 300 and 301: References 293 Schreiber L, Schönh
Page 302 and 303: Index 2,4-D, 46 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy
Page 306: Index 299 water molar volume, 110 p
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