Water and Solute Permeability of Plant Cuticles: Measurement and ...

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9.8 Measuring Solute Permeability 271 Fig. 9.5 Schematic drawing showing initial distribution of solutes (red dots) in CM consisting of the limiting skin (ls) and the sorption compartment (soco). In BIDE, UDIS and UDOS experiments, most of the solute molecules are initially in the soco and very few in the limiting skin. In SOFP, the solutes are added to the outer surface of the limiting skin and they form a concentrated solution when they deliquesce. The effect of adjuvants (green dots) is studied by adding the adjuvant to the desorption medium. The directions of solute (red arrow) and adjuvant flows (green arrow) are indicated by arrows
272 9 General Methods, Sources of Errors, and Limitations in Data Analysis decreased during droplet drying (data not shown). If the solute was sufficiently soluble in cutin, the solute disappeared from the droplet faster than water evaporated. Accumulation of solutes on the inner surface of the CM was observed only with highly water soluble solutes. These are not suitable for UDOS studies, and SOFP is the method of choice (see Sects. 5.2 and 7.4.3). Once the water had evaporated the orifice was closed with transparent sticky tape (Tesafilm). This maintains 100% humidity over the CM and prevents a radioactive spill should a CM break. Desorption is started by adding 500µl desorption medium, which is periodically withdrawn quantitatively and replaced by fresh medium. Quantitative sampling of the receiver requires that the length of needle of the syringe is adjusted such that it almost touches the CM without actually puncturing it. Holding the chamber slightly inclined towards the port causes the sorption medium to collect under the sampling port. During desorption, the chambers were positioned in wells of a thermostated aluminium plate (Fig. 5.4a). Our plate had 100 wells, and it was lightly rocked at 60–80 rpm for mixing of desorption media. During UDOS all solutes sorbed in the sorption compartment must diffuse through the limiting skin, as there is no desorption medium on the inner side of the CM (Fig. 9.5). Rate constants (k ∗ ) of desorption (Fig. 6.18; 6.13) characterise solute mobility in the waxy limiting skin (Sect. 6.3.2), and may be converted to diffusion coefficients (6.20). Penetration of highly water soluble non-electrolytes (sugars) or ionic solutes (amino acids, glyphosate salts, inorganic salts) can be studied using the same chambers and experimental setup. However, the CM are inserted into the chamber such that the morphological outer side is exposed in the orifice of the lid. Solutes penetrating the limiting skin are desorbed from the inner surface of the CM. They do not accumulate in the sorption compartment, because their partition coefficients are
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Water and Solute Permeability of Pl
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Professor Dr. Lukas Schreiber Ecoph
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vi Preface This is not a review abo
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Contents 1 Chemistry and Structure
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Contents xi 4.6.3 Diffusion Coeffic
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Contents xiii 7.4.2 Effects of Plas
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2 1 Chemistry and Structure of Cuti
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10 1 Chemistry and Structure of Cut
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Chapter 2 Quantitative Description
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2.1 Models for Analysing Mass Trans
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2.3 Steady State Diffusion Across a
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2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Sol
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2.4 Steady State Diffusion of a Sol
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2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane wit
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2.5 Diffusion Across a Membrane wit
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2.6 Determination of the Diffusion
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Solutions 51 2.7 Summary In this ch
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Chapter 3 Permeance, Diffusion and
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3.1 Units of Permeability 55 3.1.1
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3.1 Units of Permeability 57 identi
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3.3 Partition Coefficients 59 The d
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Chapter 4 Water Permeability All te
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4.1 Water Permeability of Synthetic
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4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer M
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4.2 Isoelectric Points of Polymer M
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 69 The hi
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 71 has an
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4.3 Ion Exchange Capacity 73 Counte
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4.4 Water Vapour Sorption and Perme
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4.4 Water Vapour Sorption and Perme
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4.5 Diffusion and Viscous Transport
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4.6 Water Permeability of Isolated
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Problems 121 Our present knowledge
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Solutions 123 5. Ca 2+ , because se
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126 5 Penetration of Ionic Solutes
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146 6 Diffusion of Non-Electrolytes
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206 7 Accelerators Increase Solute
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Page 242 and 243: Chapter 8 Effects of Temperature on
Page 244 and 245: 8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
Page 246 and 247: 8.1 Sorption from Aqueous Solutions
Page 248 and 249: 8.2 Solute Mobility in Cuticles 239
Page 256 and 257: 8.3 Water Permeability in CM and MX
Page 258 and 259: 8.3 Water Permeability in CM and MX
Page 260 and 261: 8.4 Thermal Expansion of CM, MX, Cu
Page 262 and 263: 8.5 Water Permeability of Synthetic
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Page 266 and 267: Problems 257 E D (kJ/mol) DH S (kJ/
Page 268 and 269: Chapter 9 General Methods, Sources
Page 270 and 271: 9.2 Testing Integrity of Isolated C
Page 272 and 273: 9.4 Distribution of Water and Solut
Page 274 and 275: 9.6 Cutin and Wax Analysis and Prep
Page 276 and 277: 9.7 Measuring Water Permeability 26
Page 278 and 279: 9.8 Measuring Solute Permeability 2
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Page 284 and 285: 276 Appendix A Abbreviations (conti
Page 286 and 287: 278 Appendix A Symbols (continued)
Page 288 and 289: 280 Appendix B Physico-chemical pro
Page 290 and 291: Appendix C Index of Plants Botanica
Page 292 and 293: References Abraham MH, McGowan JC (
Page 294 and 295: References 287 Doty PM, Aiken WH, M
Page 296 and 297: References 289 Kolattukudy P (2004)
Page 298 and 299: References 291 Sabljic A, Güsten H
Page 300 and 301: References 293 Schreiber L, Schönh
Page 302 and 303: Index 2,4-D, 46 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy
Page 304 and 305: Index 297 leaf disks, 130 leaf surf
Page 306: Index 299 water molar volume, 110 p
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