TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview - IBM Redbooks

Data Contains information for this ICMP message. Typically, it
will contain the portion of the original IP message for
which this ICMP message was generated.
Each of the ICMP messages is described individually.
Echo (8) and Echo Reply (0)
Echo is used to detect if another host is active in the network. It is used by the
Ping command (refer to “Ping” on page 117). The sender initializes the identifier,
sequence number, and data field. The datagram is then sent to the destination
host. The recipient changes the type to Echo Reply and returns the datagram to
the sender. See Figure 3-28 for more details.
0 8 16 31
identifier sequence number
data ...
Figure 3-28 Echo and Echo Reply
Destination Unreachable (3)
If this message is received from an intermediate router, it means that the router
regards the destination IP address as unreachable.
If this message is received from the destination host, it means that either the
protocol specified in the protocol number field of the original datagram is not
active or the specified port is inactive. (Refer to 4.2, “User Datagram Protocol
(UDP)” on page 146 for additional information regarding ports.) See Figure 3-29
for more details.
0 8 16 31
unused (zero)
IP header - 64 bits of original data of the datagram
Figure 3-29 ICMP: Destination Unreachable
The ICMP header code field contains one of the following values:
0 Network unreachable
1 Host unreachable
2 Protocol unreachable
3 Port unreachable
4 Fragmentation needed but the Do Not Fragment bit was set
Chapter 3. Internetworking protocols 111