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6 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January. In both of the cases shown above the boilers are led at the back end, and the feed- valves were habitually left open : the assumption being, apparently, that when the pump was started the water would enter both boilers equally. This is an unsafe assumption, because it is well known that feed pipes are liable to choke up from a variety of causes, especially when, as in Fig. 2, the bodies are fed and blown off through the same opening. Feed-valves should alw^ays be in front, where the fireman :;an reach them easily. A good man will not neglect them anyway, but it is better not to tempt him to do so by putting them in an inconvenient place. Fig. 3, shows an irrangement in which the feed-valves were at the front end of the battery. There was a check-valve in the main feed pipe at C, but the boilers were not provided with individual checks, as they should be. A part of the danger could be removed in this case by putting in individual check-valves between the globe-valves shown in the cut and the tee where the feed pipe branches. This would prevent the water from backing out from either boiler into the other one. But in all of the cases shown thus far there is the serious objection, that the feed water enters the boilers at the bottom. The shell being chilled by the cool feed is subjected to severe strains, and leaky seams and fractured plates are apt to result. Many persons find it hard to realize the magnitude of the strains produced in this way, and are disposed to dispute with us when we urge upon them the dangers to which the bottom feed subjects them. It is a matter of experience, however, that ruptures are produced in this manner, and we have known the bottom seams of a new boiler to be ruptured three times in six weeks from this very cause. The strains produced by the chilling action of feed water can also be calculated, and we hope to touch further upon this point in a future issue. The arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is more objectionable from this point of view than the others, because the feed enters at a hotter part of the boiler. Figs. 4 and 5 show the arrangement of the feed pijjes that we recommend, and experience has proven it to be entirely satisfactory. The main feed pipe runs along the front of the boilers, as shown at FFF in Fig. 4, and branch pi])es are taken off by means of tees. In each of these pipes there is a stop-valve, F, with a check-valve, C, below it, and a union connection, U. The feed pipe enters the front head just above the upper row of tubes, and after entering the boiler it passes down nearly to the back head, as shown in Fig. 5. It then crosses over to the other side of the shell, and, turn- ing downward, discharges between the shell and the tuljes. In this way the feed water becomes well heated before discharging into the boiler, and its chilling action on the shell is greatly lessened. The best place for the discharge of the feed water into the boiler has been carefully considered, and we believe that that indicated in Fig. 5 is freer from objection than any other that could be selected. In connection with Fig. 2, we said that there should be a check-valve in the main feed pipe. We do not wish to be understood as saying that tliere should always be a
: ISlC',. THE LOCOMOTIVE. Inspectors' Report. OCTOIJKK, 1892. Durinii; tliis month our ins[)octors made 0,503 inspcctiou trips, visited 14,475 boilers, inspected 5.031 botli internally iind e.\tern:illy, iind subjected 735 to hydrostatic pressure. The whole number of defects reported readied 11,247, of which 1,147 were considered dangerous; 115 boilers were regarded unsafe lor further use. Our usual sunamary i>; given below Nature of Defects.
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Page 12 and 13: THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, a o o M -
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Page 24 and 25: 16 TlIK hOCOMO'J'i Vi.. Incorporate
Page 26 and 27: 18 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [Februaky, stren
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Page 40 and 41: 32 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
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Page 44 and 45: 36 T II E L () C O yi O T l\E. [Mar
Page 46 and 47: 38 'i^il^ LOCOMOTl V i:. [Makcu, (1
Page 48 and 49: 40 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, art & Co
Page 50 and 51: 42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [March, Ml ^^^'3
Page 52 and 53: 44 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Makch, should h
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Page 56 and 57: 48 Incorporated 1866. THE LOC (J MO
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56 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, sious ar
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58 ' THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, Hit St
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,60 THE LOCOMOTIVE. L-^p«il, nortl
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62 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Aprfl, these pi
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64t Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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66 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, much as we
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68 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, diameter o
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70 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, by tirlce
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72 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, Boiler Exp
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74 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, HARTFORD,
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76 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Mat, weeks amou
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'^8 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Ma\% coat-tail
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80 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
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82 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [June,
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84 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, Boiler Ex
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86 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, (105.)
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88 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, The Heliu
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go THE LOCOMOTIVE. [JrxE, Mkt Elttt
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92 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, ills lett
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•94 THE LOCOMOTIVE [June, .21 ia
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96 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
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98 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, worked ov
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: ^QO THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, Inspec
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102 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, (132).
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104 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, " The am
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106 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, tttSttlt
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-iQQ THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, and als
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110 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July without t
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112 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July. Incorpor
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114 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, to whi
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116 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, tion.
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118 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, (147.)
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-120 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, A lar
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•J22 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, git
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124 THE LOCOMOTIVE [August, hard en
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126 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, The Bu
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128 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August. Incorp
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^30 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, pau
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132 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September,. iu
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-[34 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, Fi
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136 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [September, .35
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138 THE LOCOMOTIVE, [September, add
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140 THE LOCOMOTIVE lSeptember, On a
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d42 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, cas
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144 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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146 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobek, in pl
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i48 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Natur
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[50 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Curti
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•152 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobeb, an
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^54 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Octobeb, Mkt e
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-[56 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Tlie
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158 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, Of co
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162 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, that
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: 16^4 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [XOVEMLER, I
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166 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, boil
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168 THE LOCOMOTIVE. Sit Ktttmttit c
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170 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, KILL
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172 THE LOCOMOTIVE [November, Boile
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174 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [:November, sel
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178 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, grap
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: 180 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, In
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^82 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, that
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184 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, HART
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186 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, The
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188 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Decembeb, angle
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190 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, Such
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i92 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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INDEX, Equivalent of heat, redeterm
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