Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...

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9. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS 9.1 INTRODUCTION Air compressors account for significant amounts of the electricity used in industries. Air compressors are used in a variety of industries to supply process requirements, to operate pneumatic tools and equipment, and to meet instrumentation needs. Only 10%–30% of energy reaches the point of enduse; the remaining 70%–90% of energy of the power of the prime mover is converted to unusable heat energy and to a lesser extent is lost in the form of friction, misuse, and noise. Figure 9-1 Losses in air compressor systems 9.2 COMPRESSOR TYPES Compressors are broadly classified as positive displacement compressors and dynamic compressors. Positive displacement compressors increase the pressure of the gas by reducing the volume. Positive displacement compressors are further subclassified as reciprocating or rotary compressors. Dynamic compressors increase the air velocity, which is then converted to increased pressure at the outlet. Dynamic compressors are basically centrifugal compressors and are further classified as radial and axial flow types. The choice among types of compressors available is shown in Figure 9-2. They are distinctive by method of operation and have well-established niche areas of selection/application in industry. - 88 -
Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air Systems Figure 9-2 Types of compressors available A simple selection help tool is shown in Figure 9-3. (Cfm stands for cubic feet output per minute, a well-accepted term in compressor systems.) Figure 9-3 Compressor selection ratios - 89 -
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2.5 Boiler water treatment 14 2.6 E
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7. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUMPS 64 7.
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LIST OF TABLES 1-1 Gross calorific
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6-1 Induction motor 56 6-2 Boosting
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FOREWORD With the rising costs of e
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