Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

<strong>Training</strong> <strong>Manual</strong> on Energy Efficiency for Small and Medium Enterprises Friction head (sometimes called dynamic head loss) is the loss due to friction on the liquid being moved, in pipes, valves, and equipment in the system. Friction tables are universally available for various pipe fittings and valves. These tables show friction loss per 100 feet (or meters) of a specific pipe size at various flow rates. In the case of fittings, friction is stated as an equivalent length of pipe of the same size. The friction losses are proportional to the square of the flow rate. A closed loop circulating system, without a surface open to atmospheric pressure, would exhibit only friction losses and would have a system friction head loss vs. flow curve as shown in Figure 7-3. Figure 7-3 Friction head Most systems have a combination of static and friction head, and the system curves for the two cases are shown in Figures 7-4 and 7-5. The ratio of static to friction head over the operating range influences the benefits achievable from variable speed drives. - 66 -
Figure 7-4 System with high static head Figure 7-5 System with low static head - 67 - Energy Efficiency in Pumps Static head is a characteristic of the specific installation, and reducing this head where it is possible generally reduces both the cost of the installation and the cost of pumping the liquid. Friction head losses must be minimized to reduce pumping cost, but after eliminating unnecessary pipe fittings and length, further reduction in friction head will require a larger-diameter pipe, which adds to installation cost.
Page 2 and 3:
The opinions expressed in this publ
Page 4 and 5:
2.5 Boiler water treatment 14 2.6 E
Page 6 and 7:
7. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUMPS 64 7.
Page 8 and 9:
LIST OF TABLES 1-1 Gross calorific
Page 10 and 11:
6-1 Induction motor 56 6-2 Boosting
Page 12 and 13:
FOREWORD With the rising costs of e
Page 14 and 15:
Training M
Page 16 and 17:
Training M
Page 18 and 19:
Training M
Page 20 and 21:
Training M
Page 22 and 23:
Training M
Page 24 and 25:
Training M
Page 26 and 27:
Training M
Page 28 and 29: Training M
Page 44 and 45: 4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FURNACES 4.
Page 68 and 69: 6. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRIC MO
Page 76 and 77: 7. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUMPS 7.1 P
Page 88 and 89: 8. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FANS 8.1 IN
Page 100 and 101: 9. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMPRESSED
Page 110 and 111: 10. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN REFRIGERAT
Page 128 and 129:
Training M
Page 130 and 131:
Training M
Page 132 and 133:
12. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM 12.
Page 134 and 135:
Training M
Page 136 and 137:
Annex S. No. Enconomic Opportunity
Page 138 and 139:
Training M
show all

Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?