Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...
Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...
Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...
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• C<strong>on</strong>denser water pump kW<br />
• Cooling tower fan kW<br />
TR= Q×p×(hin-hout)<br />
3024<br />
where Q is the air flow in m 3 /h<br />
p is density of air kg/m 3<br />
h in is enthalpy of inlet air kCal/kg<br />
h out is enthalpy of outlet air kCal/kg<br />
Use of psychometric charts can help to calculate hin and hout from dry bulb<br />
and wet bulb temperature values, which are measured during trials.<br />
Power measurements at compressors, pumps, AHU fans, and cooling tower<br />
fans can be accomplished by a portable load analyzer.<br />
Estimati<strong>on</strong> of process air c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>ing load is also possible, by calculating<br />
various heat loads (sensible and latent), based <strong>on</strong> inlet and outlet air<br />
parameters, air ingress factors, air flow, occupancy pattern, and type of<br />
materials stored.<br />
An indicative TR load profile for comfort air c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>ing is presented as<br />
follows:<br />
• Small office cabins = 0.1 TR/m 2<br />
• Medium-size offices, i.e., = 0.06 TR/m 2<br />
10–30 pers<strong>on</strong> occupancy<br />
with central A/C<br />
• Large multistoried office = 0.04 TR/ m 2<br />
complexes with central A/C<br />
- 101 -<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Efficiency</strong> in Refrigerati<strong>on</strong> Systems<br />
• kW/TR of refrigerati<strong>on</strong> plant = sum of all above kW/TR<br />
In field performance assessment, accurate instruments for inlet and outlet<br />
chilled water temperature and c<strong>on</strong>denser water temperature measurement are<br />
required, preferably with a least count of 0.1 º C. Flow measurements of chilled<br />
water can be made by an ultras<strong>on</strong>ic flow meter directly or inferred from pump<br />
duty parameters. Adequacy check of chilled water is often needed, and most<br />
units are designed for a typical 0.68 m 3 /hr per TR (3 gpm/TR) chilled water<br />
flow. C<strong>on</strong>denser water flow measurement can also be made by a n<strong>on</strong>-c<strong>on</strong>tact<br />
flow meter directly or inferred from pump duty parameters. Adequacy check<br />
of c<strong>on</strong>denser water is also often needed, and most units are designed for a<br />
typical 0.91 m 3 /hr per TR (4 gpm/TR) c<strong>on</strong>denser water flow.<br />
In case of air c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>ing units, the air flow at the Fan Coil Units (FCU) or<br />
the Air Handling Units (AHU) can be measured with an anemometer. Dry bulb<br />
and wet bulb temperatures are measured at the inlet and outlet of AHU or the<br />
FCU, and the refrigerati<strong>on</strong> load in TR is assessed as
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