Training Manual on Energy Efficiency - APO Asian Productivity ...

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<strong>Training</strong> <strong>Manual</strong> on Energy Efficiency for Small and Medium Enterprises Figure 4-9 Regenerative burners 4.9.2 Ceramic fiber for reducing thermal mass Thermal mass in a furnace contributes significantly to storage heat loss, especially in those batch furnaces with huge refractory brickwork. Every time the furnace goes through a heating cycle, the whole refractory mass needs to be heated all over. Introduction of ceramic fiber to replace conventional fire brick lining helps to reduce thermal mass to almost 15% of the original, helping to lower fuel consumption and batch time reduction as well. - 44 -
Figure 4-10 Use of ceramic fiber 4.9.3 Ceramic coatings to improve emissivity Heat transfer in a furnace depends mainly on radiation, which in turn depends on emissivity. At higher temperatures, the emissivity decreases and is on the order of 0.3. High emissivity refractory coating, if applied on the internal surface of the furnace, increases the emissivity to 0.8, thus contributing to increased heat transfer. The application of high-emissivity coatings in furnace chambers promotes rapid and efficient transfer of heat, uniform heating, and extended life of refractories and metallic components such as radiant tubes and heating elements. For intermittent furnaces or where rapid heating is required, use of such coatings is found to reduce fuel consumption up to 10%. Other benefits are temperature uniformity and increased refractory life. 4.10 TIPS FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FURNACES General • Establish a management information system on loading, efficiency, and specific fuel consumption. • Prevent infiltration of air, using doors or air curtains. • Monitor O2/CO2/CO ratios and control excess air level. • Improve burner design, combustion control, and instrumentation. • Ensure that the furnace combustion chamber is under slight positive pressure. • Use ceramic fiber linings in the case of batch operations. • Match the load to the furnace capacity. • Retrofit with heat recovery devices. - 45 - Energy Efficiency in Furnaces
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2.5 Boiler water treatment 14 2.6 E
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10. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN REFRIGERAT
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12. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM 12.
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Annex S. No. Enconomic Opportunity
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