personnel qualification standard (pqs) - I Marine Expeditionary ...

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117 Land Navigation True North. A line from any point on the earth's surface to the North Pole. All lines of longitude are true north lines. True north is usually represented by a star (Figure 6-1). Figure 6-1. Three norths. Magnetic North. The direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking needle of a magnetic instrument. The magnetic north is usually symbolized by a line ending with half of an arrowhead (Figure 6-1). Magnetic readings are obtained with magnetic instruments, such as lensatic and M2 compasses. Grid North. The north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map. Grid north may be symbolized by the letters GN or the letter "y" (Figure 6-1). It is often parallel to true north. 117-18
Land Navigation 117 AZIMUTHS An azimuth is defined as a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line. This north base line could be true north, magnetic north, or grid north. The azimuth is the most common military method to express direction. When using an azimuth, the point from which the azimuth originates is the center of an imaginary circle (Figure 6-2). This circle is divided into 360 degrees or 6400 mils. Figure 6-2. Origin of azimuth circle. Back Azimuth. A back azimuth is the opposite direction of an azimuth. It is comparable to doing "about face." To obtain a back azimuth from an azimuth, add 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or less, or subtract 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or more (Figure 6-3). The back azimuth of 180 degrees may be stated as 0 degrees or 360 degrees. For mils, if the azimuth is less than 3200 mils, add 3200 mils, if the azimuth is more than 3200 mils, subtract 3200 miles. 117-19
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PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION STANDARD (P
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page History & Si
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101 Marine Corps History, Customs a
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102 USMC Mission and Organization 1
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102 USMC Mission and Organization M
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102 USMC Mission and Organization 1
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102 USMC Mission and Organization o
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102 USMC Mission and Organization o
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102 USMC Mission and Organization T
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102 USMC Mission and Organization T
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102 USMC Mission and Organization A
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102 USMC Mission and Organization R
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102 USMC Mission and Organization U
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102 USMC Mission and Organization W
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103 Safety Fundamentals Operational
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103 Safety Fundamentals TRAINING In
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103 Safety Fundamentals RESPIRATORY
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103 Safety Fundamentals Identifying
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104 Administrative Fundamentals are
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104 Administrative Fundamentals 104
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104 Administrative Fundamentals adj
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104 Administrative Fundamentals col
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104 Administrative Fundamentals As
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104 Administrative Fundamentals ass
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104 Administrative Fundamentals Spe
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104 Administrative Fundamentals sig
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104 Administrative Fundamentals Spe
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104 Administrative Fundamentals Thi
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) each f
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) Tactic
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) (airbo
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) 105-8
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) the MA
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) 105.7
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) 105-14
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) c. CH-
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) i. KC-
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) pole c
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) Assis
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) Provi
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) H&S ba
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) The MA
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) area
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) 105.12
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) Perfo
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) • Co
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105 Air Combat Element (ACE) (excep
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) Com
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) 106
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) Com
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) Lig
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) The
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) The
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) 60m
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) Gen
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) M2
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) M-1
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) per
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) Ide
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106 Ground Combat Element (GCE) num
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107 Logistic Combat Element and obs
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107 Logistic Combat Element Intelli
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107 Logistic Combat Element 107.8 D
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107 Logistic Combat Element 107.9 D
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107 Logistic Combat Element TECHNIC
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107 Logistic Combat Element 60% slo
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107 Logistic Combat Element Length:
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107 Logistic Combat Element Payloa
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107 Logistic Combat Element The seq
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107 Logistic Combat Element command
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107 Logistic Combat Element ARRIVAL
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107 Logistic Combat Element • Ove
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107 Logistic Combat Element Provid
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107 Logistic Combat Element 107.12
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107 Logistic Combat Element Provid
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107 Logistic Combat Element This pa
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108 Command Element (CE) . Organiza
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108 Command Element (CE) Supporting
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108 Command Element (CE) Radio Batt
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108 Command Element (CE) Operationa
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108 Command Element (CE) This page
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109 Amphibious Operations 109.2 Sta
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109 Amphibious Operations place of
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109 Amphibious Operations Mission T
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109 Amphibious Operations The San A
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109 Amphibious Operations LSD-44 U
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109 Amphibious Operations General I
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109 Amphibious Operations is respon
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109 Amphibious Operations as requir
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109 Amphibious Operations 109.13 Di
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110 Force Protection Military comma
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110 Force Protection FPCON BRAVO Ap
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110 Force Protection Measure CHARL
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110 Force Protection CIRCUMSTANCES
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110 Force Protection divided into s
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111 General Combat Leadership Artic
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111 General Combat Leadership disab
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111 General Combat Leadership be pl
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111 General Combat Leadership Respo
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111 General Combat Leadership This
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112 USMC Operations The heart of Op
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112 USMC Operations 112.2 Explain t
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112 USMC Operations HA force or a p
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112 USMC Operations 112.6 Define an
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112 USMC Operations found in the Jo
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112 USMC Operations OPLAN Operation
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113 Environmental Awareness OSHA Ha
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113 Environmental Awareness Evaluat
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113 Environmental Awareness All su
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113 Environmental Awareness Do not
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113 Environmental Awareness This pa
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114 Communications 114.1 Discuss th
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114 Communications of the official
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