02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

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SAINTS its consequences have been enormous. However, one of the strangest and perhaps most unexpected was the creation of what could be termed a whole new religion. West Africans taken from their homelands to work in the sugar plantations of the Caribbean were also made to convert to Catholicism and forced to abandon their own traditional beliefs and religious practices. Clearly, such oppression often has the effect of forcing ideas and practices underground and, rather than give up their own rituals and religions, slave communities simply disguised them. Traditional West African religions involved the worship of nature and deities termed as ‘orishas’. The slaves brought to work on plantations appeared to embrace the Roman Catholic religion of their owners but, in fact, continued their own religious practices.They simply substituted public reverence for the pantheon of Catholic saints for the worship of their own gods.When slaves seemed to be celebrating the feast days of the saints it was, in fact, a front for the worship of orishas.This bias in favour of devotion to the saints was recognised by slave owners who termed their worship as ‘Santeria’. It is an insulting term intended to describe forms of Catholicism that overemphasise the importance of the saints. Within Christianity in general, the saints are not, of course, viewed as greater than God and they are not to be worshipped as Gods or false idols. Arguably, the development of Santeria was far from the first time that Christianity had been merged with elements of pre-Christian religions. An interesting earlier example is the popularity of the pre-Christian fertility figure of the Green Man whose image appears in many Western medieval churches. • 102 •
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Church of Latter Day Saints It is the belief of the Church of Latter Day Saints, more commonly known as Mormons, that, following the death of St Peter and the other apostles, the Church moved away from the original teachings of Jesus Christ. The term ‘Latter Day’ indicates that Mormons believe that they are living in a time when the second coming of Jesus Christ is imminent. The Church of Latter Day Saints also believes that the biblical prophecy of Malachi that Elijah would return to earth before the coming of the messiah has, in fact, already taken place. According to the Latter Day Saints, Elijah met Joseph Smith Jr, the founder of their movement, on 3 April 1836.They met at the Kirtland Temple and the prophet announced that the coming of the Lord was imminent. Romanov Saints In 1981, members of the Romanov family of Tsar Nicholas II, murdered during the Russian Revolution, were canonised as holy martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad.Along with Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, their children Tatiana, Olga, Anastasia and Alexei, other members of the Romanov family were also canonised.They were the sister of Tsarina Alexandra, the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna and Sister Varvar Yakovleva who was her companion, Prince Igor Konstantinovich, Prince Ioann Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley and Grand Duke Sergey Mikhaylovich of Russia and Fyodor Remez, his secretary. A number of their servants were also canonised.These included a footman called AlexeiTrupp, court physicianYevgeny • 103 •
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Other Pocket Essentials by Giles Mo
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This edition published in 2008 by P
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Contents Introduction 9 Early Chris
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SAINTS they had led particularly pi
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SAINTS pared to die as martyrs for
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SAINTS text of a strongly patriarch
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SAINTS Initially, he plans to break
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SAINTS Muslims because she was the
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SAINTS keeper has often been invoke
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SAINTS place at Tarrium in Persia a
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SAINTS India and Armenia. The circu
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SAINTS teachings of Jesus Christ hi
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SAINTS valuable link to the history
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SAINTS acceptable as a means of pro
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SAINTS hagiographies that relate hi
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SAINTS is said to have changed the
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SAINTS mit of whom he had heard cal
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SAINTS variously guilty of bribery,
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SAINTS Constantinople convened in 3
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SAINTS St John Chrysostom Born at A
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Celtic and Early English Saints Chr
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS Chr
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS num
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Page 59 and 60: Saints and OtherWorld Religions Whi
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Page 71 and 72: Saints in the Middle Ages In many w
Page 73 and 74: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Franci
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Page 77 and 78: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES of auster
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Page 81 and 82: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Other imp
Page 83 and 84: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Erasmus i
Page 85 and 86: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Sebast
Page 87 and 88: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Knights T
Page 89 and 90: Saints During the Reformation The P
Page 91 and 92: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION calle
Page 93 and 94: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION Howev
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Page 97 and 98: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION sente
Page 99 and 100: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION phlet
Page 101: Saints in the Modern Era Saints hav
Page 105 and 106: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Congregati
Page 107 and 108: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA ian work a
Page 109 and 110: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA St Nichola
Page 111 and 112: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA properties
Page 113 and 114: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA dates name
Page 115 and 116: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA other impo
Page 117 and 118: Appendices A Calendar of Saints’
Page 119 and 120: APPENDICES February 15 St Sigfrid F
Page 121 and 122: APPENDICES April 18 St Aya April 19
Page 123 and 124: APPENDICES June 17 St Rainerius of
Page 125 and 126: APPENDICES August 11 St Clare Augus
Page 127 and 128: APPENDICES October 9 St Denis Octob
Page 129 and 130: APPENDICES December 1 St Edmund Cam
Page 131 and 132: APPENDICES Patron Saints of Occupat
Page 133 and 134: APPENDICES Students St Thomas Aquin
Page 135 and 136: APPENDICES St Anne Red robe, doorwa
Page 137 and 138: APPENDICES St Raphael Fish St Rock
Page 139 and 140: APPENDICES St Osmund Salisbury,Wilt
Page 141 and 142: APPENDICES Greece St Paul Holland S
Page 143 and 144: APPENDICES Saints and Health Proble
Page 145: Web Pages www.catholic.org/saints w
Page 148 and 149: BIBLIOGRAPHY Jenkins, Simon, Englan
Page 151 and 152: Abda al-Qadir al-Jilani, 68 Act of
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Domitian, 21 dragons, 21, 49, 79, 8
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Magdalene, Mary, 18-19 Mahatma, 11
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society, 9, 14, 57, 68, 71, 76, 91-
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02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

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