02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

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SAINTS prostitution by giving each of them three bags of gold to serve as their marriage dowries.Their father was unable to pay for their weddings and the intervention of St Nicholas saved them from a life of poverty and sin. It has been claimed that this story of the saint helping the poor is the origin of pawnbrokers adopting the symbol of the three golden balls hung outside pawnshops. In another story, he saves three sailors from drowning and three innocent men from execution. Another legend has him resurrect three boys who had been murdered by a butcher in a tub of brine. Interestingly, a later version of this legend tells that the butcher let three clerks stay the night at his house and killed them all. He then hid his crime by turning their remains into meat pies to sell in his shop. It may be that this medieval version of the story was the inspiration for the later story of Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street. In any event, St Nicholas is reputed to have discovered the crime of the murdered clerks and resurrected them. He is also said to have destroyed a number of pagan temples and to have been a vociferous opponent of the Arian heresy. Interestingly, the feast day of St Nicholas is 6 December which was also the date celebrated in the ancient world as the birth of the goddess Diana or Artemis. St Nicholas is reported to have destroyed a temple dedicated to Diana and it has been argued that the choice of his feast day was an attempt to eclipse its previous pre-Christian significance. Some sources claim that Justinian I, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, caused a church to be built and dedicated in honour of St Nicholas in the city of Constantinople, then the capital of the Eastern Empire.When the saint’s relics were held at Myra, it was claimed that they exuded a sticky, sweet substance called manna or myrrh that had powerful • 110 •
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA properties.When the relics were translated to Bari by Italian sailors, they apparently continued to do so. It is for this reason that St Nicholas is also the patron saint of perfumiers. In the low countries of Europe it became traditional for sailors to give gifts on 6 December, the feast day of St Nicholas, their patron saint. Because of the story of his resurrection of the three murdered boys and because of his reputation for giving gifts derived from the story of the three girls and their dowries, St Nicholas was also regarded as the patron saint of children.Thus, it also became traditional to give gifts to children on his feast day. These elements of the cult of St Nicholas later became intertwined with earlier pre-Christian traditions and particularly stories and legends relating to the Norse god Odin. These folk traditions were carried to America by Dutch Protestants who settled in New Amsterdam and who referred to St Nicholas as ‘Sinterklaas’. Over time, the legends associated with St Nicholas arrived in Britain where he became known as Father Christmas. StValentine Today StValentine’s Day, for most people, is synonymous with the concepts of love, romance and courtship. It is a day on which lovers send one another valentine’s cards and exchange gifts and, in modern times, it has become an increasingly commercialised event. Historically, it became an opportunity for the mass production of valentine’s cards, particularly in America during the mid-nineteenth century. Like many other aspects of the cults of the saints, it has become an integral, perhaps unquestioned aspect of daily life and has become an accepted part of western culture and traditions. However, the origin of St Valentine’s Day is a particularly obscure and tan- • 111 •
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Other Pocket Essentials by Giles Mo
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This edition published in 2008 by P
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Contents Introduction 9 Early Chris
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SAINTS they had led particularly pi
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SAINTS pared to die as martyrs for
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SAINTS text of a strongly patriarch
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SAINTS Initially, he plans to break
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SAINTS Muslims because she was the
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SAINTS keeper has often been invoke
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SAINTS place at Tarrium in Persia a
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SAINTS India and Armenia. The circu
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SAINTS teachings of Jesus Christ hi
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SAINTS valuable link to the history
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SAINTS acceptable as a means of pro
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SAINTS hagiographies that relate hi
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SAINTS is said to have changed the
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SAINTS mit of whom he had heard cal
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SAINTS variously guilty of bribery,
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SAINTS Constantinople convened in 3
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SAINTS St John Chrysostom Born at A
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Celtic and Early English Saints Chr
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS Chr
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS num
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS The
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS 672
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS mon
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CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS a r
Page 59 and 60: Saints and OtherWorld Religions Whi
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Page 71 and 72: Saints in the Middle Ages In many w
Page 73 and 74: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Franci
Page 75 and 76: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES who exper
Page 77 and 78: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES of auster
Page 79 and 80: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES elation t
Page 81 and 82: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Other imp
Page 83 and 84: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Erasmus i
Page 85 and 86: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Sebast
Page 87 and 88: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Knights T
Page 89 and 90: Saints During the Reformation The P
Page 91 and 92: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION calle
Page 93 and 94: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION Howev
Page 95 and 96: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION the O
Page 97 and 98: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION sente
Page 99 and 100: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION phlet
Page 101 and 102: Saints in the Modern Era Saints hav
Page 103 and 104: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Church of
Page 105 and 106: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Congregati
Page 107 and 108: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA ian work a
Page 109: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA St Nichola
Page 113 and 114: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA dates name
Page 115 and 116: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA other impo
Page 117 and 118: Appendices A Calendar of Saints’
Page 119 and 120: APPENDICES February 15 St Sigfrid F
Page 121 and 122: APPENDICES April 18 St Aya April 19
Page 123 and 124: APPENDICES June 17 St Rainerius of
Page 125 and 126: APPENDICES August 11 St Clare Augus
Page 127 and 128: APPENDICES October 9 St Denis Octob
Page 129 and 130: APPENDICES December 1 St Edmund Cam
Page 131 and 132: APPENDICES Patron Saints of Occupat
Page 133 and 134: APPENDICES Students St Thomas Aquin
Page 135 and 136: APPENDICES St Anne Red robe, doorwa
Page 137 and 138: APPENDICES St Raphael Fish St Rock
Page 139 and 140: APPENDICES St Osmund Salisbury,Wilt
Page 141 and 142: APPENDICES Greece St Paul Holland S
Page 143 and 144: APPENDICES Saints and Health Proble
Page 145: Web Pages www.catholic.org/saints w
Page 148 and 149: BIBLIOGRAPHY Jenkins, Simon, Englan
Page 151 and 152: Abda al-Qadir al-Jilani, 68 Act of
Page 153 and 154: Domitian, 21 dragons, 21, 49, 79, 8
Page 155 and 156: Magdalene, Mary, 18-19 Mahatma, 11
Page 157: society, 9, 14, 57, 68, 71, 76, 91-
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02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

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