02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SAINTS known, it is said to have been somewhere named Bannavem Taburniae in the west of Britain in the region between the river Clyde and the river Severn. His father was a town councillor who served as a deacon and who was himself the son of a priest. Famously, St Patrick was captured by members of an Irish raiding party who forced him to live as a slave in Ireland for six years. During his time in captivity Patrick became deeply religious and spent much time in prayer. According to legend it was revealed to him in a dream that he would escape his slavery and return home. It is uncertain whether he was set free or managed to run away from his captors but, after many difficulties, he did find his way back to his family. After his ordeal St Patrick trained as a priest. Efforts had previously been made to convert the Irish by a bishop named Palladius but his mission had been generally unsuccessful. In around 435 AD, St Patrick was sent by the Church to Ireland where he set up his see in Armagh. One of St Patrick’s primary aims in Ireland was to put an end to the pagan practice of worshipping the sun. Many of the prehistoric monuments of Ireland seem likely to have been linked to the concept of the sun as a form of deity, suggesting that this was a form of religious belief with extremely ancient roots. Newgrange burial chamber in the Boyne valley close to Dublin, for example, was designed with the specific intention that its inner burial chamber should be illuminated by the sun’s rays at important times in the ritual year. Similarly, the megalithic stone circle of Beltany in County Donegal is orientated towards the May Day sunrise and the circle takes its name from the pre-Christian feast of Beltane celebrated at that time. It has been suggested by some that the ancient Celtic Christian wheel cross takes its form from the meeting of •46•
CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS Christian and pre-Christian traditions. It has been conjectured that this integrates the Christian symbol of the cross with the pre-Christian solar wheel that may represent both the sun and the ‘turning wheel’ of the solar and agricultural year. However, it has also been argued that the style of the Celtic Cross has its origin in the much earlier Chi-Rho symbol which features the first two Greek letters of the name of Christ and which was surrounded by a circle.The first Celtic Crosses were made from wood and were gradually replaced by stone crosses. They marked places where preaching took place or served as commemorative monuments. These crosses, it is argued, were too tall to be encircled literally like the Chi-Rho symbol and so a modified circle was created around the crossing point. Given that St Patrick set up his see in Armagh, close to the territory of a powerful king who was presumably sympathetic to his cause, it is interesting to speculate that the first Christian missionaries in Ireland had to use diplomacy and compromise to convey their message and that this is demonstrated in the wheel cross. St Patrick’s‘battle’ with the pagans (which may, in reality, have been more of an encouraging dialogue) is famously recorded in religious art and symbolism in images of the saint banishing the snakes from Ireland. The image of the serpent within different religious traditions is an interesting one, and many pre-Christian religions viewed the snake’s ability to shed its skin as a miraculous act of re-birth and renewal. For Christians, however, from the serpent in the Garden of Eden onwards, the snake is a sinister and‘evil’ creature linked to the devil.Therefore the imagery of St Patrick’s victory over the serpent is likely to represent his triumph in converting a pagan population. St Patrick is also said to have demonstrated the concept of theTrinity – the Father, the Son •47•
Page 2 and 3: Other Pocket Essentials by Giles Mo
Page 4 and 5: This edition published in 2008 by P
Page 7: Contents Introduction 9 Early Chris
Page 10 and 11: SAINTS they had led particularly pi
Page 12 and 13: SAINTS pared to die as martyrs for
Page 14 and 15: SAINTS text of a strongly patriarch
Page 16 and 17: SAINTS Initially, he plans to break
Page 18 and 19: SAINTS Muslims because she was the
Page 20 and 21: SAINTS keeper has often been invoke
Page 22 and 23: SAINTS place at Tarrium in Persia a
Page 24 and 25: SAINTS India and Armenia. The circu
Page 26 and 27: SAINTS teachings of Jesus Christ hi
Page 28 and 29: SAINTS valuable link to the history
Page 30 and 31: SAINTS acceptable as a means of pro
Page 32 and 33: SAINTS hagiographies that relate hi
Page 34 and 35: SAINTS is said to have changed the
Page 36 and 37: SAINTS mit of whom he had heard cal
Page 38 and 39: SAINTS variously guilty of bribery,
Page 40 and 41: SAINTS Constantinople convened in 3
Page 42 and 43: SAINTS St John Chrysostom Born at A
Page 45: Celtic and Early English Saints Chr
Page 49 and 50: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS num
Page 51 and 52: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS The
Page 53 and 54: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS 672
Page 55 and 56: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS mon
Page 57 and 58: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS a r
Page 59 and 60: Saints and OtherWorld Religions Whi
Page 61 and 62: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS an
Page 63 and 64: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS Ba
Page 65 and 66: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS in
Page 67 and 68: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS wi
Page 69 and 70: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS tr
Page 71 and 72: Saints in the Middle Ages In many w
Page 73 and 74: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Franci
Page 75 and 76: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES who exper
Page 77 and 78: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES of auster
Page 79 and 80: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES elation t
Page 81 and 82: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Other imp
Page 83 and 84: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Erasmus i
Page 85 and 86: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Sebast
Page 87 and 88: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Knights T
Page 89 and 90: Saints During the Reformation The P
Page 91 and 92: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION calle
Page 93 and 94: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION Howev
Page 95 and 96: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION the O
Page 97 and 98:
SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION sente
Page 99 and 100:
SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION phlet
Page 101 and 102:
Saints in the Modern Era Saints hav
Page 103 and 104:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Church of
Page 105 and 106:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Congregati
Page 107 and 108:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA ian work a
Page 109 and 110:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA St Nichola
Page 111 and 112:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA properties
Page 113 and 114:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA dates name
Page 115 and 116:
SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA other impo
Page 117 and 118:
Appendices A Calendar of Saints’
Page 119 and 120:
APPENDICES February 15 St Sigfrid F
Page 121 and 122:
APPENDICES April 18 St Aya April 19
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDICES June 17 St Rainerius of
Page 125 and 126:
APPENDICES August 11 St Clare Augus
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDICES October 9 St Denis Octob
Page 129 and 130:
APPENDICES December 1 St Edmund Cam
Page 131 and 132:
APPENDICES Patron Saints of Occupat
Page 133 and 134:
APPENDICES Students St Thomas Aquin
Page 135 and 136:
APPENDICES St Anne Red robe, doorwa
Page 137 and 138:
APPENDICES St Raphael Fish St Rock
Page 139 and 140:
APPENDICES St Osmund Salisbury,Wilt
Page 141 and 142:
APPENDICES Greece St Paul Holland S
Page 143 and 144:
APPENDICES Saints and Health Proble
Page 145:
Web Pages www.catholic.org/saints w
Page 148 and 149:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Jenkins, Simon, Englan
Page 151 and 152:
Abda al-Qadir al-Jilani, 68 Act of
Page 153 and 154:
Domitian, 21 dragons, 21, 49, 79, 8
Page 155 and 156:
Magdalene, Mary, 18-19 Mahatma, 11
Page 157:
society, 9, 14, 57, 68, 71, 76, 91-
show all

02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?