02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

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SAINTS Whilst in exile Becket approached Pope Alexander III for assistance in his conflict with the king.The pope attempted to resolve the differences between the two through dialogue and was initially unwilling to take the extreme measure of excommunication against Henry. However, under pressure from Becket, Alexander III eventually came to consider this ultimate sanction seriously and Henry II relented, offering to reach some sort of agreement with the archbishop. Becket returned to Canterbury in 1170 but was soon in conflict with the king once again, this time over the crowning of Prince Henry without his involvement or consent. Angered by the failure of the king to recognise his role as head of the Church in England, Becket excommunicated the bishops who had carried out the ceremony. It was at this point that the king is famously said to have shouted in a rage to his courtiers,‘Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?’ So dramatic were the remonstrations of the king that four knights from his court decided to carry out what they believed were their sovereign’s wishes. The four men were Hugh de Moreville, Reginald Fitzurse, Richard le Breton and William de Tracey.They confronted Becket on Tuesday 29 December 1170 inside Canterbury Cathedral and, after an argument, they attacked and killed him. As he was attacked by the knights, he is said to have been steadfast in his faith and, according to an account from the time by a witness called Edward Grim, his final words were, ‘For the name of Jesus and the protection of the church, I am ready to embrace death’.Whilst many had criticised Becket for his actions as archbishop the news and the nature of his death – murdered in his own cathedral – sent shockwaves throughout the Christian world. Opinions about Becket were also altered in the aftermath of his murder by the rev- •78•
SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES elation that he had worn a hair shirt under his clothes during his life. He was viewed as a martyr for his faith and miracles were said to have taken place at his tomb.The king undertook public penance for his role in the murder and, in 1173, Becket was canonised by Pope Alexander. The tomb of Thomas Becket was to become one of the most important English sites of pilgrimage for Christians. Geoffrey Chaucer famously recorded the importance of the Pilgrims’ Way from London to Canterbury in The CanterburyTales and it had great religious significance beyond the confines of Britain. Becket’s relics were later translated to theTrinity Chapel in 1220. He is venerated today in the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England and his feast day is 29 December, the date of his murder. St Michael St Michael is the archangel who is named in the Book of Revelation as the leader or one of the chief princes of the forces of God who battle Satan.This particularly vivid episode in the Bible was to prove an immense inspiration for many artists and writers and has shaped the way in which St Michael is most commonly portrayed. It describes the conflict in powerful and dramatic terms: And war broke out in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon.The dragon and his angels fought back, but they were defeated, and there was no longer any place for them in heaven. The great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world, he was thrown •79•
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Other Pocket Essentials by Giles Mo
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This edition published in 2008 by P
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Contents Introduction 9 Early Chris
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SAINTS they had led particularly pi
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SAINTS pared to die as martyrs for
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SAINTS text of a strongly patriarch
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SAINTS Initially, he plans to break
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SAINTS Muslims because she was the
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SAINTS keeper has often been invoke
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SAINTS place at Tarrium in Persia a
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SAINTS India and Armenia. The circu
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SAINTS teachings of Jesus Christ hi
Page 28 and 29: SAINTS valuable link to the history
Page 30 and 31: SAINTS acceptable as a means of pro
Page 32 and 33: SAINTS hagiographies that relate hi
Page 34 and 35: SAINTS is said to have changed the
Page 36 and 37: SAINTS mit of whom he had heard cal
Page 38 and 39: SAINTS variously guilty of bribery,
Page 40 and 41: SAINTS Constantinople convened in 3
Page 42 and 43: SAINTS St John Chrysostom Born at A
Page 45 and 46: Celtic and Early English Saints Chr
Page 47 and 48: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS Chr
Page 49 and 50: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS num
Page 51 and 52: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS The
Page 53 and 54: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS 672
Page 55 and 56: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS mon
Page 57 and 58: CELTIC AND EARLY ENGLISH SAINTS a r
Page 59 and 60: Saints and OtherWorld Religions Whi
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Page 63 and 64: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS Ba
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Page 67 and 68: SAINTS AND OTHER WORLD RELIGIONS wi
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Page 71 and 72: Saints in the Middle Ages In many w
Page 73 and 74: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Franci
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Page 77: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES of auster
Page 81 and 82: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Other imp
Page 83 and 84: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Erasmus i
Page 85 and 86: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES St Sebast
Page 87 and 88: SAINTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES Knights T
Page 89 and 90: Saints During the Reformation The P
Page 91 and 92: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION calle
Page 93 and 94: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION Howev
Page 95 and 96: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION the O
Page 97 and 98: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION sente
Page 99 and 100: SAINTS DURING THE REFORMATION phlet
Page 101 and 102: Saints in the Modern Era Saints hav
Page 103 and 104: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Church of
Page 105 and 106: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA Congregati
Page 107 and 108: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA ian work a
Page 109 and 110: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA St Nichola
Page 111 and 112: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA properties
Page 113 and 114: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA dates name
Page 115 and 116: SAINTS IN THE MODERN ERA other impo
Page 117 and 118: Appendices A Calendar of Saints’
Page 119 and 120: APPENDICES February 15 St Sigfrid F
Page 121 and 122: APPENDICES April 18 St Aya April 19
Page 123 and 124: APPENDICES June 17 St Rainerius of
Page 125 and 126: APPENDICES August 11 St Clare Augus
Page 127 and 128: APPENDICES October 9 St Denis Octob
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APPENDICES December 1 St Edmund Cam
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APPENDICES Patron Saints of Occupat
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APPENDICES Students St Thomas Aquin
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APPENDICES St Anne Red robe, doorwa
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APPENDICES St Raphael Fish St Rock
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APPENDICES St Osmund Salisbury,Wilt
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APPENDICES Greece St Paul Holland S
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APPENDICES Saints and Health Proble
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Web Pages www.catholic.org/saints w
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Jenkins, Simon, Englan
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Abda al-Qadir al-Jilani, 68 Act of
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Domitian, 21 dragons, 21, 49, 79, 8
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Magdalene, Mary, 18-19 Mahatma, 11
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society, 9, 14, 57, 68, 71, 76, 91-
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02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

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