02Knights Templar - Julian Emperor

EARLY CHRISTIAN SAINTS AND MARTYRS
pilgrims to scoop up water to drink from streams or fountains
which they came across on their journey.
St James the Less
There is some confusion about the actual identity of St James
the Less. The title itself is intended to differentiate between
the two apostles named James and otherwise has no real significance.
Because a number of figures within the gospel are
named as James, a number of traditions have arisen. He is
sometimes identified with James the brother of Jesus, James
whose mother stood by Jesus on the cross and also with the
individual responsible for writing the Epistle of James. It has
been suggested that St James the Less was the first Bishop of
the Jerusalem Church and early Jewish writings refer to him
as James the Just. Perhaps suitably, there is also confusion over
the manner of his martyrdom. One tradition claims that the
Sanhedrin – the powerful Jewish elite of which St Joseph of
Arimathea, who donated his own tomb to Christ following
the crucifixion, had been a member – sentenced him to be
stoned to death and then grotesquely sawn into two pieces. It
has also been claimed that St James the Less was martyred by
being beaten with clubs. Therefore, in religious art, his emblem
is sometimes a saw and sometimes a club. He was martyred
in 62 AD.
St Bartholomew
In the Synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke,
Bartholomew is listed amongst the names of the apostles.
However, in the gospel of St John, he is referred to as
Nathaniel. It is widely accepted that the two are, in fact, one
and the same. Bartholomew apparently means‘son ofTolmai’.
Tradition states that St Bartholomew became a missionary in
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