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THE LOCOMOTIVE. [January, fl u* "«—: Htitt-n'. i„ :.is,yi. r y $&&% rS Jt%&h«/th4t'fol? water did not figure in the catas- trophe in some way or other. theory, lishec water: and we have tried to show that although low water certainly does produce explo- sions, there are a hundred other causes that must also be considered. Fig. 2. — General View op the Ruins. This month we show the results of a boiler explosion in the South, which undoubtedly icas due to low water. As will be seen from the first engraving, the boiler gave way on the sheet exposed to the fire, below the horizontal joint. The redness of the plates gave abundant evidence that the water had been low. We do not think, how- ever, that the theory of a sudden generation of large quantities of steam from the flooding of the hot plate is likely to be true. (See The Locomotive for April, 1893, page 54). It is far more likely that the heat to which the plate was exposed damaged the material to such an exteDt that it no longer possessed the tensile strength to resist the stress to which it was subjected by the ordinary steam pressure; and we have an idea that the boiler would have exploded just the same, whether the feed valve was open or not. The boiler here shown was 60 inches in diameter, with eighty 18-foot tubes, and a dome 36 inches in diameter and 36 inches high. The steel of which it was constructed varied in thickness, along the line of fracture, from 0.305" to 0.?24". The longitudinal joints were double riveted, the rivets being driven in ||-inch holes, pitched 2£ inches from centre to centre. The break occurred about 12 inches below one of the horizontal joints, as shown in Fig. 1, and the escaping steam blew down the settings, destroyed the boiler house, injured two men, and overturned three iron stacks, besides seriously damaging two others. The boiler was bought at the U. S. Navy Yard, at Norfolk, Va., and had seen but little service. It was believed to be in excellent condition prior to the explosion.
1901] THE LOCOMOTIVE. Inspectors' Report. October, 1900. During this month our inspectors made 11,352 inspection trips, visited 21,077 boilers, inspected 7,327 both internally and externally, and subjected 994 to hydrostatic pressure. The whole number of defects reported reached 13,160, of which 958 were considered dangerous ; 43 boilers were regarded unsafe for further use. Our usual summary is given below: Nature of Defects. Cases of deposit of sediment. Cases of incrustation and scale, Cases of internal grooving, - ... Casi s of internal corrosion, - - - - Cases of external corrosion, - - - - Broken and loose braces and stays, - .... Settings defective, - Furnaces out of shape, ..... Fractured plates, - Burned plates, - Blistered plates, Cases of defective riveting, - Defective heads, - Serious leakage around tube .... ends, - Serious leakage at seams, - Defective water-gauges, Defective blow-offs, - - - - . Cases of deficiency of water, - .... Safety- valves overloaded, Safety-valves defective in construction, Pressure-gauges .... defective, - - - . Boilers without pressure-gauges, Unclassified defects, - ... Pbole Number.
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