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146 Goldsmith, R. W. 1969. Financialsttctureand development. New Haven, Conn., U.S.A.: Yale University Press. Goltz, A., and D. Lachman. 1974. Monetary correction and Colombia's savings and loans system. Fihanceand Development 11 (3): 24-26. Gonzalez-Vega, C. 1976. On the iron law of interest rate restrictions: Agricultural credit policies in Costa Rica and in other less developed countries. Ph.D. diss. Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., U.S.A. __ . 1986. Strengihening 'qricultural banking and credit systems in Litin America and the Caribbean. Economic and Sociology Occasional Paper 1256. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Gothoskar, S. P. 1989. Some aspects of growth of banking in India. Journal of Indian School ofPolitical Economy 1 (1): 84-113. Gotsch, C. -1., and S. Yusuf. 1975. Technical indivisibilities and distribution of income: A mixed integer programming model of Punjab agriculture. Food Research Instittfte Studies 14 (1): 81-98. Grahanm, D. H. 1987. Towards the development of rural financial institutions in Africa: The lessons friom Niger. Economic and Sociology Occasional Paper 1312. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Graham, D. 11., and C. Bourne. 1983. Agricultmal credit and rural progress in Jamnaica. In 1?ural/financial marhets in developing countries, ed.J. 1). Von Pisclike, D. W..Adams, and G. )onald, 190-199. Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.:Johns Ilopkins UIniversity Press. Green, G.J. B. 1983. The rok of commercial banking in agriculture. In Ruralfinancial markets in deetlopiv'g countrie5, ed.j. 1). Von Pischke, D. W. Adams, and G. Donald, 155-161. Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Gregory, G. L., and D. W. Adams. 1986. Severity of rural loan recovery problems in Bangladesh. Economic ad Sociology Occasional Paper 1319. Ohio State University, Columni;is, 0m16o, U.S.A. Gupta, A. K. 1985. Management of rural credit and support system: An organizational study of financial institutions in drought-prone districts. Ph.D. diss., Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India. Gupta, K. L. 1970a. Household savings in financial assets: A case study of India. Indian Economic lournal 17 (2): 500-5 14. __ . 1970b. On some determinants of rural and urban household saving behavior. The Economic Record 46 (116): 578-583. _ . 1970c. Personal saving in developing nations: Further evidence. The Economic Record 46 (114): 2,13-249.
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Page 1 and 2:
,AFOOD POLICY EVIEWl Institutional
Page 3 and 4:
FOOD POLICY REVIEW 1 Institutional
Page 5 and 6:
Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Thr
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15. Unit transaction costs, unit ir
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47. Relative importance of intcecst
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Foreword Thiis report introduces a
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1 Summary This study analyzes two a
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3 Six organizational principles for
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2 Introduction Finance and Economic
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An obvious problem innate to an act
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9 Selection of Theme and Issues for
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I1 TIhe issue of scale economies is
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13 There is also a problem of indiv
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15 Figure I-Share of borrowing of f
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17 Figure 2-Share of'agricultural l
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19 specific or economywile developm
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Table 1- Continued 21 Region, Count
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Table 2-Continued Government Nation
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25 regional without higher or lower
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27 Caribbean, compared with Asia. T
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Table 3 -Continued Proportion of Pe
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31 LICs (including Bangladesh, Indi
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33 Functional Structure of RFIs and
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35 approximated from available lite
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Figure 3-Stylized organizational fr
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5 Transaction Costs, Profitability,
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411 or fiom new borrowers. Moreover
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43 Table 6-Unit transaction costs o
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45 tiotis largely by borrowing fi'o
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47 Table 9 -Transaction costs of br
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49 'T7heSonali Bank's unit uct marg
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Table 14-Estimated parameters of th
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53 PACS) was established ill March
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55 Table 16-Deposit growth rates of
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57 rIIIIal Output (28 p)Celt) and o
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59 Although APS loans were dominant
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Table 2 0-Pattern of loans advanced
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63 Table 2 1- Unit profit and unit
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65 resources are mainly channeled t
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67 Table 25-Various costs, gross ma
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69 BAAC also en1joyced sc.;le ,~ol
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71 iuzividual farmers at the distri
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73 Agriculture and Cooperatives 197
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75 like the county and plimaly coop
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77 Table 33-Transaction and financi
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79 Table 3 6 -Structure of assets a
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Response of Rural Loan Demand to In
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83 Table 3 9-Estimated multivariate
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85 Table 40-Estimated multivariate
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87 separate deteriminants of demand
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Table 4 1-Continued Type of Demand,
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Table 4 1-Confinued Type of Demand,
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Table 4 2 -Evidence on interest ela
Page 107 and 108: 7 Response of Supply of Rural Depos
Page 109 and 110: 97 Table 44-Estimated multivariate
Page 111 and 112: 99 Table 4 6-Relative importance of
Page 113 and 114: 101 I1e positivc respolse of supply
Page 115 and 116: Table 48- Continued 103 eBased on t
Page 117 and 118: Table 4 9 -Pattern of total rural s
Page 119 and 120: 107 is substantial saving even in d
Page 121 and 122: 109 Table 52-Estimated multivariate
Page 123 and 124: 111 nient), and lastly, the inverse
Page 125 and 126: 113 Table 54-Positive and negative
Page 127 and 128: 9 Flow of Funds of the Rural Financ
Page 129 and 130: 117 interest I'evellie and payment.
Page 131 and 132: Table 5 5 -Continued 119 cin scenar
Page 133 and 134: 10 Conclusions and Implications ase
Page 135 and 136: 123 differential increase in demand
Page 137 and 138: 125 can be attained. Multifunctiona
Page 139 and 140: 127 fully achieved. Had the institu
Page 141 and 142: 129 so doing, improvements in verti
Page 143 and 144: The standard error of The standard
Page 145 and 146: Appendix 2 Reasons for Delinquency
Page 147 and 148: Region/Country 135 Reaso.z Near Eas
Page 149 and 150: References Abbott, J. C. 1 9 7 3a.
Page 151 and 152: 139 Aku, P. S. 1986. Lending to far
Page 153 and 154: 141 Caibbean Country Department II,
Page 155 and 156: 143 144. Princeton, N.J., U.S.A.: W
Page 157: 145 1975. Agriculturalcredit in Asi
Page 161 and 162: 149 G. Hunter and A. F. Bottrall, 5
Page 163 and 164: 151 Lee, T. Y., D. H. Kim, and D. W
Page 165 and 166: 153 __ _. 1976. The new economics o
Page 167 and 168: 155 Olu, W. 1985. Formal credit and
Page 169 and 170: __ 157 Rao, B. P. 1970. The economi
Page 171 and 172: 159 Singh, G., and S. R. Asokan. 19
Page 173 and 174: -- 161 Verghese, S. K. 1983. tivfit
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