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152 developing countries, ed. J. Howell, 235-258. London: Overseas Development Institute. Long, M. F. 1968. Why peasant farmers borrow. AmericanJournalof AgriculturalEconomics 50 (4): 991-1008. __ _ . 1983. A note on financial theory and economic development. In Ruralfinancial markets in developing countries, ed. J. D. Von Pischke, D. W. Adams, and G. Donald, 22-27. Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Machima, P. 1976. Growth and developewnt of agriculturalcooperatives in Thailand.Bangkok: Cooperative League of Thailand. Maharajan, K. 1-1. 1981. Small farmer loan repayment performance in Nepal. Economic and Sociology Occasional Paper No. 846. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.. Malik, S.J. 1989. Ihe changing source structure and utilization patterns of rural credit in Pakistan. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C. Minieo. Matsuhiro, NI. 1988. Agricultural cooperative banking. In Farmfinance andagriculturaldevelopment, 139-154. Tokyo: Agricultural Productivity Organization. Mauri, A. 1977. A policy to mobilize rural savings in less developed countries. Savings and Development 1 (1). __ _. 1983. The potentiai for savings and financial innovation in Africa. Savings and Development 7 (4): 319-336. McKinnon, R. 1. 1973. Money and capitalin economic development. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. ____ . 1988. Financial liberalization in retrospect: Interest rate policies in LDCs. In The state of development economics: Progress and perspectives, ed. R. Gustav and T. P. Schultz, 386-410. Oxford, U.K.: Basil Blackwell. Mears, L. 197,4. Rice economy of the Philippines Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. Mehta, R. C., and D. S. Sidhu. 1971. A study of impact of medium- and long-term loans on short-term credit needs of the Punjab farmers. IndianJounalof AgiculturalEconomics 28 (4): 489-495. Melichar, E. 1977. Some current aspects of agricultural finance and banking in the United States. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 59 (5): 967-972. Mellor, J. W. 1966. Economics of agriculturaldevelopment. Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.: Cornell University Press.
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Page 1 and 2:
,AFOOD POLICY EVIEWl Institutional
Page 3 and 4:
FOOD POLICY REVIEW 1 Institutional
Page 5 and 6:
Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Thr
Page 7 and 8:
15. Unit transaction costs, unit ir
Page 9 and 10:
47. Relative importance of intcecst
Page 11 and 12:
Foreword Thiis report introduces a
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1 Summary This study analyzes two a
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3 Six organizational principles for
Page 17 and 18:
2 Introduction Finance and Economic
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An obvious problem innate to an act
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9 Selection of Theme and Issues for
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I1 TIhe issue of scale economies is
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13 There is also a problem of indiv
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15 Figure I-Share of borrowing of f
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17 Figure 2-Share of'agricultural l
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19 specific or economywile developm
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Table 1- Continued 21 Region, Count
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Table 2-Continued Government Nation
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25 regional without higher or lower
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27 Caribbean, compared with Asia. T
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Table 3 -Continued Proportion of Pe
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31 LICs (including Bangladesh, Indi
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33 Functional Structure of RFIs and
Page 47 and 48:
35 approximated from available lite
Page 49 and 50:
Figure 3-Stylized organizational fr
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5 Transaction Costs, Profitability,
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411 or fiom new borrowers. Moreover
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43 Table 6-Unit transaction costs o
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45 tiotis largely by borrowing fi'o
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47 Table 9 -Transaction costs of br
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49 'T7heSonali Bank's unit uct marg
Page 63 and 64:
Table 14-Estimated parameters of th
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53 PACS) was established ill March
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55 Table 16-Deposit growth rates of
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57 rIIIIal Output (28 p)Celt) and o
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59 Although APS loans were dominant
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Table 2 0-Pattern of loans advanced
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63 Table 2 1- Unit profit and unit
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65 resources are mainly channeled t
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67 Table 25-Various costs, gross ma
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69 BAAC also en1joyced sc.;le ,~ol
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71 iuzividual farmers at the distri
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73 Agriculture and Cooperatives 197
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75 like the county and plimaly coop
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77 Table 33-Transaction and financi
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79 Table 3 6 -Structure of assets a
Page 93 and 94:
Response of Rural Loan Demand to In
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83 Table 3 9-Estimated multivariate
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85 Table 40-Estimated multivariate
Page 99 and 100:
87 separate deteriminants of demand
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Table 4 1-Continued Type of Demand,
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Table 4 1-Confinued Type of Demand,
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Table 4 2 -Evidence on interest ela
Page 107 and 108:
7 Response of Supply of Rural Depos
Page 109 and 110:
97 Table 44-Estimated multivariate
Page 111 and 112:
99 Table 4 6-Relative importance of
Page 113 and 114: 101 I1e positivc respolse of supply
Page 115 and 116: Table 48- Continued 103 eBased on t
Page 117 and 118: Table 4 9 -Pattern of total rural s
Page 119 and 120: 107 is substantial saving even in d
Page 121 and 122: 109 Table 52-Estimated multivariate
Page 123 and 124: 111 nient), and lastly, the inverse
Page 125 and 126: 113 Table 54-Positive and negative
Page 127 and 128: 9 Flow of Funds of the Rural Financ
Page 129 and 130: 117 interest I'evellie and payment.
Page 131 and 132: Table 5 5 -Continued 119 cin scenar
Page 133 and 134: 10 Conclusions and Implications ase
Page 135 and 136: 123 differential increase in demand
Page 137 and 138: 125 can be attained. Multifunctiona
Page 139 and 140: 127 fully achieved. Had the institu
Page 141 and 142: 129 so doing, improvements in verti
Page 143 and 144: The standard error of The standard
Page 145 and 146: Appendix 2 Reasons for Delinquency
Page 147 and 148: Region/Country 135 Reaso.z Near Eas
Page 149 and 150: References Abbott, J. C. 1 9 7 3a.
Page 151 and 152: 139 Aku, P. S. 1986. Lending to far
Page 153 and 154: 141 Caibbean Country Department II,
Page 155 and 156: 143 144. Princeton, N.J., U.S.A.: W
Page 157 and 158: 145 1975. Agriculturalcredit in Asi
Page 159 and 160: __ 147 Gurley, J. G., and E. S. Sha
Page 161 and 162: 149 G. Hunter and A. F. Bottrall, 5
Page 163: 151 Lee, T. Y., D. H. Kim, and D. W
Page 167 and 168: 155 Olu, W. 1985. Formal credit and
Page 169 and 170: __ 157 Rao, B. P. 1970. The economi
Page 171 and 172: 159 Singh, G., and S. R. Asokan. 19
Page 173 and 174: -- 161 Verghese, S. K. 1983. tivfit
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