edu 304 - comparative education - National Open University of Nigeria

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Preparatory Stage This is the stage in which the investigator will have to prepare himself very well before traveling to his country of interest. He has to be familiar with the country he wants to visit by reading very extensively about the country. Investigatory and Analytical Stage At this stage, the researcher will have to formulate some hypotheses on the educational practices of the country he wants to study. The formulation of these hypotheses will give him a focus on what to look for. Evaluatory Comparative Stage At this stage, the investigator after coming back from his travel to the foreign country, will now examine the practices of education of the country he has visited in relation to the educational practices of his own country with a view to establishing the similarities as well as the differences existing in the educational practices of the two countries it is also at this stage that the hypotheses earlier on formulated will either be rejected or accepted. The field study approach unlike area study approach, concerns itself with the study of the educational systems of many countries at the same time. It also involves visiting the foreign countries of interest to enable the investigator make an objective comparison between the foreign educational practices and that of his country. 3.4.10 The Scientific Approach This is an approach in which the study of comparative education is carried out empirically by formulating hypotheses, defining the important concepts, setting out the variables as well as the conditions for establishing the validity of the hypotheses formulated. Since in any scientific research, data collection its interpretation with the help of statistics of analysis are very important,. These must not also be lacking in the study of Comparative Education to enhance the quality and credibility of whatever may be the result of the investigation. 28
3.4.11 The Integrated Approach This is an approach in which other disciplines such as history, philosophy, geography; economics, anthropology and statistics are integrated in to the study of Comparative Education because of their usefulness. As it has already been stated, it is not possible for Comparative Education as a discipline to stand on its own as it has to draw from other subjects which include the disciplines mentioned above. 3.4.12 The Philosophical Approach A Russian Philosopher by name Serguis Hessen was the first man to apply philosophical approach to the study of Comparative Education when he published his book in 1928 which he tittled "Kritische Vergleichung des Schulwesens der Anderen Kuturstaaten". In the book, he chose four main philosophical problems. The problems chosen by him are: (a) Compulsory education (b) The School and the State (c) The school and the Church and (d) The School and Economic life. He analysed the underlying principles and later followed it by giving a critical account of modern legislation in many countries. Kosemani (1995) believes that philosophical approach is a step forward to solve the problems in the national character approach. According to him, there are two major problems involved in the application of philosophical approach to the study of comparative education. The problems are: (a) Difference in emphasis as a result of which it may be difficult to use the same criterion (national ideology) for the comparison. (b) There are many countries without clear cut national ideologies. (c) From the above, it could be deduced that with philosophical approach, hypotheses could be formulated, be tested and could also be empirically validated for better explanation of educational practices of various countries. 29
Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
Page 3 and 4: THE COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION This
Page 5 and 6: Assignment. You are going to be giv
Page 7 and 8: MODULE 1 UNIT 1 Meaning of Educatio
Page 9 and 10: Like other concepts, comparative ed
Page 11 and 12: 4.5 Conclusion The unit above discu
Page 13 and 14: Unit 2 SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATI
Page 15 and 16: some countries ... and why it is do
Page 17 and 18: Malison V. (1975). An Introduction
Page 19 and 20: Horace Mann of America who after a
Page 21 and 22: today, the discipline is one of the
Page 23 and 24: country visited can be borrowed or
Page 25 and 26: another country that has the same p
Page 27: 3.4.7 International Approach This i
Page 31 and 32: Publishers. Halls (1965) cited by A
Page 33 and 34: 3.0 The Content 3.5.1 Language Fact
Page 35 and 36: By the time Western Education was b
Page 37 and 38: instability as well. For instance i
Page 39 and 40: 3.5.9 The Academic or Professional
Page 41 and 42: Unit 6 factors that can sustain the
Page 43 and 44: studying. If this is done, the obje
Page 45 and 46: 3.1.2 Pre-School Education in Japan
Page 47 and 48: in the Universities. In the same ve
Page 49 and 50: Unit 2 - The System of Education in
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.6 Teacher Education Primary sch
Page 53 and 54: Unit 3: Education in England 1.0 In
Page 55 and 56: trained. (b) Arousing in the pupils
Page 57 and 58: they will like to study in their la
Page 59 and 60: (a) Certificated (b) Uncertificated
Page 61 and 62: Authorities. 4.0 Conclusion The uni
Page 63 and 64: 3.4.3 The Primary Education Primary
Page 65 and 66: (a) Preparing teachers for the need
Page 67 and 68: education. The state universities a
Page 69 and 70: In France, there are two types of e
Page 71 and 72: (c) The third or the last education
Page 73 and 74: teaching methods. The negro Educati
Page 75 and 76: Unlike both the primary and seconda
Page 77 and 78: within the British common wealth of
Page 79 and 80:
the award of undergraduate degree,
Page 81 and 82:
The Tanzanian government also encou
Page 83 and 84:
Islamic history and literature as w
Page 85 and 86:
school. The middle school teachers
Page 87:
education programme. All matters de
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