edu 304 - comparative education - National Open University of Nigeria

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equal opportunity. (b) Preparing students for survival in the future (c) Preparing the students for their colleges and universities. Some States in America provide free secondary education and free textbooks for their citizens particularly up to the age of sixteen years. The products of primary schools are always admitted into the secondary schools. There are both public as well as private secondary schools in America. The Ordinance Act 1785 which made it mandatory for each township to set its sixteenth section for the use of education as well as the North West Ordinance of 1887 greatly enhanced the development of education in America. However, the problem of sub-standardized secondary schools and willingness to provide secondary education for many American children led to the introduction of Junior High School. In the Junior High School, the students are expected to spend three years after their primary education that is between the age of 12-15 years. After successfully completing the Junior Secondary Education, the students will start their Senior High School Education which is meant for the students, who are academically inclined. The public senior high schools are tuition free. Provision of learning materials for schools and the general financing of schools are responsibilities of the local schools district. In America, private high schools or secondary schools are also allowed by the constitution. However, unlike the public high schools, tuition is not free and the teaching of religious education is allowed. It is on record that America has started operating 6-3-3-4 education system, yet, the old system of 8-4 years is still in operation (eight years of primary education and four years of secondary education). 3.4.5 Teacher Education in the United States of America Teacher education in America like in other places refer to the professional training being given to the would-be teachers. The aims and objectives of American Teacher Education include: 64
(a) Preparing teachers for the needs and aspirations of American as a democratic nation. (b) Preparing teachers who will later assist in the training of American children for the purpose of promoting their culture. The establishment of Jefferson College in Washington among others in the 1800s marks the beginning of teacher education in America. The preparation of primary school teachers is always done by the normal schools. These normal schools are recognized by the State Boards of Education for the training of primary school teachers. The subjects being offered in thee training institutions include: Administration, psychology, philosophy, History of education. On the other hand, the secondary school teachers are expected to be university degree holders after a period of four years either in a college or in the university. In most cases, teachers' appointment is always on contract basis and it is renewable yearly, provided the concerned teacher is still interested in working in his school. At the same time, the school district board of education has the constitutional power to terminate the contract appointment of any of its teachers. 3.4.6 The American University Education In America, higher education is provided in the colleges of education, higher technical institutes and universities. In 1862, the American Government passed the Morrill Act which made it compulsory for the Americans to make land available to the American Federal Government for the development of Universities and higher institutions of learning. There are two major categories of higher education in America, they are: (a) The state universities and colleges which are maintained by the state and (b) Independent universities and colleges which are run by various churches and private individuals. In these private colleges and universities, high school fees are changed. A degree programme lasts for four years. 65
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
Page 3 and 4:
THE COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION This
Page 5 and 6:
Assignment. You are going to be giv
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MODULE 1 UNIT 1 Meaning of Educatio
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Like other concepts, comparative ed
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4.5 Conclusion The unit above discu
Page 13 and 14: Unit 2 SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATI
Page 15 and 16: some countries ... and why it is do
Page 17 and 18: Malison V. (1975). An Introduction
Page 19 and 20: Horace Mann of America who after a
Page 21 and 22: today, the discipline is one of the
Page 23 and 24: country visited can be borrowed or
Page 25 and 26: another country that has the same p
Page 27 and 28: 3.4.7 International Approach This i
Page 29 and 30: 3.4.11 The Integrated Approach This
Page 31 and 32: Publishers. Halls (1965) cited by A
Page 33 and 34: 3.0 The Content 3.5.1 Language Fact
Page 35 and 36: By the time Western Education was b
Page 37 and 38: instability as well. For instance i
Page 39 and 40: 3.5.9 The Academic or Professional
Page 41 and 42: Unit 6 factors that can sustain the
Page 43 and 44: studying. If this is done, the obje
Page 45 and 46: 3.1.2 Pre-School Education in Japan
Page 47 and 48: in the Universities. In the same ve
Page 49 and 50: Unit 2 - The System of Education in
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.6 Teacher Education Primary sch
Page 53 and 54: Unit 3: Education in England 1.0 In
Page 55 and 56: trained. (b) Arousing in the pupils
Page 57 and 58: they will like to study in their la
Page 59 and 60: (a) Certificated (b) Uncertificated
Page 61 and 62: Authorities. 4.0 Conclusion The uni
Page 63: 3.4.3 The Primary Education Primary
Page 67 and 68: education. The state universities a
Page 69 and 70: In France, there are two types of e
Page 71 and 72: (c) The third or the last education
Page 73 and 74: teaching methods. The negro Educati
Page 75 and 76: Unlike both the primary and seconda
Page 77 and 78: within the British common wealth of
Page 79 and 80: the award of undergraduate degree,
Page 81 and 82: The Tanzanian government also encou
Page 83 and 84: Islamic history and literature as w
Page 85 and 86: school. The middle school teachers
Page 87: education programme. All matters de
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