edu 304 - comparative education - National Open University of Nigeria

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7.0 Reference Lawal, B.O. (2004). Comparative Education, Osogbo, Swift Publishers Nig Ltd. Unit 5: Education in France 1.0 Introduction The treatment of education in France will afford the learners the opportunity to compare and contrast the practices of education in both Nigeria and France. 2.0 Objective At the end of this unit, you should be able to discuss the system of education in France. 3.0 The Content 3.5.1 Background For quite a long time, French education was under the control of the church. This made it possible for the church not only to integrate Christianity into the school curriculum but also to indoctrinate the school children. Napoleon could be regarded as an educational revolutionist in France. His contributions to the development of education in France cannot be overemphasized. For instance, in 1802, schools of Arts and Trades were founded by him. Apart from the fact that he contributed to the development of the two schools of Engineering as well as the Mining founded before 1802, he was also, the founder of the University of France. 68
In France, there are two types of education, they are: (a) The state schools as well as (b) Private or independent schools founded by the private individuals or groups or religious bodies. The two types of education are not only centralized but are also similar in both methods and structure. However, the secularization laws (laws preventing the church or religious bodies from controlling the schools) of 1882 and that of 1904 assisted the public or state schools to be independent of the church. The same laws also made the catholic schools not only to be voluntary but also independent of the state. While the Catholic schools were established by individual teachers as well as groups of parents under the control of the church on the other hand, the state schools belong to the government and such schools are being attended by well over 70% of the compulsory age groups in France. Tuition was free in the state schools, whereas it is not free at all in the private or Catholic schools. The education law of 1850 allowed the private individuals to open secondary schools. The education law of 1875 allowed for the establishment of private higher institutions, that of 1886 gave legal backing for the founding of private primary schools and the education law of 1919 gave legal backing for the establishment of private technical institutions. The compulsory education designed for children aged 6 and 13 years by the education law of 1882 was extended to 14 years by the education law of 1936. This was increased to 16 years by the education decree of 1959. 3.5.3 Education Administration Education administration in France is centrally done. France as a whole is divided into regions and each region is blessed with some departments known as academic. A Rector is the head of each academic who is always appointed by the president. The Rector is responsible to the Education Minister and he has powers over institutions under his control including the supervision of private schools. Rector is supported by the inspectors of academy. In addition, each district ha a primary Inspector who is responsible to the Inspector of Academy. For pre- 69
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
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THE COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION This
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Assignment. You are going to be giv
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MODULE 1 UNIT 1 Meaning of Educatio
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Like other concepts, comparative ed
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4.5 Conclusion The unit above discu
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Unit 2 SCOPE OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATI
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some countries ... and why it is do
Page 17 and 18: Malison V. (1975). An Introduction
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Page 27 and 28: 3.4.7 International Approach This i
Page 29 and 30: 3.4.11 The Integrated Approach This
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Page 33 and 34: 3.0 The Content 3.5.1 Language Fact
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Page 37 and 38: instability as well. For instance i
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Page 41 and 42: Unit 6 factors that can sustain the
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Page 45 and 46: 3.1.2 Pre-School Education in Japan
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Page 55 and 56: trained. (b) Arousing in the pupils
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