DEPARTMENT OF STATE.

MABITIMB DANGER ZONES. 27
Article 1, Section 2, of the same Convention has
equally been violated by the German Government, for
the mines which they have laid have in numerous
instances been found adrift from their moorings without
having become harmless. Yet the German Government
made no reservation respecting this article either when
signing or ratifying the Convention.
The degree of respect with which the German Government
treat their written pledges, and the pledges given
verbally in their name by their representatives, is sufficiently
apparent from What is stated above. It is
brought into yet higher relief in the light of the following
statement made by Baron Marschall before the third
Committee of the last Peace Conference, and repeated
by him in full, and with added emphasis, at the 8th
plenary meeting of the Conference:
"A belligerent who lays mines assumes a very heavy
responsibility toward neutrals and peaceful shipping.
* * * No one will resort to such means unless for
military reasons of an absolutely urgent character. But
military acts are not governed solely by principles of
international law. There are other factors: conscience,
good sense, and the sentiment of duty imposed by principles
of humanity will be the surest guides for the conduct
of sailors, and will constitute the most effective
guarantee against abuses. The officers of the German
Navy, I emphatically affirm, will always fulfil, in the
strictest fashion, the duties which emanate from the
unwritten law of humanity and civilisation."
His Majesty's Government desire to place on record
their strong protest against the illegitimate means of conducting
warfare which has been resorted to by their
adversaries. They feel that its manifest inhumanity
must call down upon its authors the censure and reprobation
of all civilised peoples.
FOREIGN OFFICE, September 26, 1914-
File No. 763.72/1104.
Memorandum from the British Embassy.
TELEGRAM FROM SIR EDWARD GREY TO SIR CECIL SPRING
RICE, OCTOBER 2, 1914.
The German policy of minelaying combined with their
submarine activities makes it necessary on military
grounds for Admiralty to adopt countermeasures. His
Majesty's Government have therefore authorized a minelaying
policy in certain areas and a system of minefields
has been established and is being developed upon a considerable
scale. In order to reduce risks to noncombatants
the Admiralty announce that it is dangerous
henceforward for ships to cross area between Latitude
fifty-one degrees fifteen minutes north and fifty-one
degrees forty minutes north and Longitude one degree
thirty-five minutes east and three degrees east. In this
connection it must be remembered that the southern
limit of the German minefield is latitude fifty-two degrees
north. Although these limits are assigned to the danger
area it must not be supposed that navigation is safe in
any part of the southern waters of the North Sea. In-