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a limited subset of PAHs (16 US-EPA PAHs). Therefore, additional potential toxicity assessment via in vitro assays as well as mechanistic studies e.g., assessing PAH availability to the cells and understanding the activation and/or suppression of signal transduction, appears warranted. The aim of this study was to assess PAH toxicity via chemical PAH analysis, a specific in vitro PAH transactivation assay and metabolism studies. Two different PM samples were analyzed (TD-GC-MS/MS) for the presence of 16 PAHs. PAH-induced toxic potency was determined with the PAH CALUX transactivation assay. The PAH CALUX system suggested the presence of a toxic potency several fold above that indicated by chemical analysis. In addition, human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A-549) were exposed to different PM concentrations and Benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) as a positive control. PM as well as B[a]P exposure resulted in a higher CYP1A1 mRNA expression than in controls. CYP1A1 enzyme activity was confirmed via a luminogenic assay. CYP1A1 enzyme activity was inhibited at high PM and B[a]P concentrations and assumed to result from increased expression of AhRR, a repressor of the AhR signaling cascade. Consequently understanding the status of both the AhR and AhRR appear important in order to interpret the potential toxicity of PMs and B[a]P in human alveolar cell systems. 1214 SULFUR EMISSIONS FROM CHINESE DRYWALL IN CHAMBERS AND HOMES. J. Matheson 1 , M. Babich 1 , T. Thomas 1 , K. Hatlelid 1 , J. Recht 1 , R. Maddalena 2 , M. Apte 2 , J. McCarthy 3 , B. Baker 3 , J. Allen 3 , D. MacIntosh 3 and L. Saltzman 1 . 1 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, 2 LBNL, Berkeley, CA and 3 EH&E, Needham, MA. The CPSC has received 3600 consumer complaints reporting health effects and metal corrosion in homes built/renovated in 2001-2008. Reported health effects include: migraines, nosebleeds, irritated eyes, dyspnea, cough, and sinus problems. Affected homeowners often note the homes have an offensive odor. Certain drywall imported from China (CDW) was implicated as the probable cause of reported corrosion; but other home materials have not been ruled out as contributory factors. Chamber testing of domestic and imported drywall emissions and in-home air sampling are part of a multi-track test program to evaluate the relationship between drywall emissions, material degradation, and reported symptoms. Chamber testing on 30 drywall samples was performed at LBNL. Emissions from preconditioned samples were measured in 10.5 L chambers at a ventilation rate of 0.5 L/min at 25°C and 50% relative humidity. Four methods were used for emission sampling and analysis depending on the target chemical class. A new method, solid phase micro extraction, was developed to measure reactive volatile sulfur gases. The majority of emissions consisted of H 2 S and SO 2 ; total sulfur emission factors ranged from 0.3 to 209 μg/m 2 /h. Higher sulfur gas emissions were observed from CDW made in 2005-2006. EH&E’s investigation in 51 homes included source characterization using FTIR and XRF; measurements of indoor environment including gases, ventilation rate, temperature and relative humidity; and copper and silver corrosion rates. Compared to control homes, complaint homes had significantly higher H 2 S levels (0.82 μg/m 3 vs 〈LOD) and rates of copper sulfide (476 vs 〈LOD A/30d) and silver sulfide corrosion (1472 vs 389 A/30d). A consistent finding of elevated sulfur emissions associated with CDW was observed in the chamber and inhome testing. The home sulfur gas levels were below known irritant levels; however, it is possible that additive or synergistic effects of these and other compounds could potentially cause irritant effects to consumers. 1215 EXPOSURE MODEL FOR INDIVIDUALS (EMI) IN HUMAN HEALTH STUDIES: PREDICTING RESIDENTIAL INDOOR EXPOSURES TO FINE AIRBORNE PARTICLES. M. Breen 1 , M. Breen 1, 2 , B. Schultz 1 , T. Long 1 , R. Williams 1 , A. Vette 1 and R. Devlin 1 . 1 U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC and 2 North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. In many epidemiological studies, particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased risk for adverse cardiopulmonary events. Due to cost and participant burden of indoor and personal measurements, health studies often estimate exposures using ambient measurements. However, ambient levels do not necessarily reflect personal exposures since indoor levels can differ from ambient levels, and people spend considerable time indoors. To reduce this exposure error, which adds uncertainty to risk estimates, we are developing an exposure model for individuals (EMI) in cohort health studies. A critical aspect of EMI is estimation of the ambient contribution to concentrations within individual homes, where people spend most of their time. A mass-balance indoor air quality (IAQ) model was linked to an air exchange rate (AER) model to predict ambient-generated indoor PM 2.5 mass from 260 SOT 2011 ANNUAL MEETING ambient concentrations, meteorology, and questionnaire data on housing characteristics and operation. First, AER model predictions were compared to 642 daily AER measurements across 31 detached homes in central North Carolina. For individual model predicted and measured AER, median absolute difference was 40% (0.17 hr - 1 ). Second, IAQ model was evaluated with concurrent daily measurements of ambient and residential indoor-outdoor PM 2.5 mass. Using cross validation, model predictions were compared to measurements of ambient-generated indoor PM 2.5 , which were derived from sulfate (outdoor tracer of PM 2.5 ). For individual model predictions and measurements, median absolute difference was 24% (2.2 μg/m 3 ). This study demonstrates the ability of EMI to predict residential indoor PM 2.5 of ambient origin in support of developing exposure metrics for health studies. 1216 EXPOSURE TO PHTHALATES AMONG PREMENSTRUAL GIRLS FROM RURAL AND URBAN, GHARBIAH, EGYPT. J. Colacino 1, 2 , A. Soliman 2, 3 , M. Nahar 1 , A. Hablas 4 , I. Seifeldin 4 , A. Van Zomeren-Dohm 1 , L. S. Rozek 1 and D. C. Dolinoy 1 . 1 Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 3 Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI and 4 Tanta Cancer Center, Gharbiah, Egypt. Phthalates have been identified as endocrine active compounds associated with developmental and reproductive toxicity. Phthalate exposure in premenstrual Egyptian females, a potentially vulnerable population, remains unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify phthalate exposure in premenstrual females from rural and urban areas of the Gharbiah province of Egypt as well as describe potential routes of exposure. We collected one spot urine sample from 60 premenstrual females, 30 each from urban and rural areas, as well as anthropometrics and questionnaire data regarding cooking, cosmetic use, and food storage behaviors. Urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites were quantified by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry at the National Center for Environmental Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urinary concentrations of diethyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites measured in this study were similar to those measured in age-matched US girls in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Median mono-benzyl phthalate concentrations were higher in US girls (31.1 ng/mL) compared to Egyptians (1.6 ng/mL). In contrast, median levels of mono-isobutyl phthalate were higher in Egyptians (21.1 ng/mL) compared to US girls (7.5 ng/mL). We found no significant difference in concentrations of phthalate metabolites based on the urban or rural status of the Egyptian girls. In principle components analysis, storage of food in plastic was found to be associated with phthalate body burden (p=0.036), suggesting that dietary intake is likely an important route of phthalate exposure in both urban and rural Egyptians. These findings suggest that phthalate exposure in developing countries may be of equal concern as in the US. 1217 BLOOD ANALYSIS OF SWEDISH FIRE VICTIMS 1992- 2009 SUGGEST HYDROGEN CYANIDE AS AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF DEATH. K. Stamyr 1 , G. Thelander 2 , L. Ernstgård 1 and G. Johanson 1 . 1 Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and 2 Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden. BACKGROUND For people caught in fires, or fire fighters entering fires, a major threat is posed by toxic fumes. 60-80% of all deaths related to fire have been attributed to such fumes. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a major component and is commonly thought to be the major cause of most fire-related fatalities. However, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is also formed, especially during combustion of nitrogen-containing materials such as polyurethane foam, a material increasingly encountered in indoor environments. The exact contribution of HCN to fire-related fatalities is unknown (Stamyr et al. Toxicol. Lett. 2008). AIM The study was undertaken to investigate the impact of HCN in relation to CO as a cause of intoxication and death in fire victims. METHOD Swedish data on all fire victims in the period 1992-2009 were collected from two nationwide forensic databases (ToxBase and RättsBase). Among the 1300 victims, 500 had been analyzed for both carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and HCN in blood. Nearly half of the victims had lethal COHb levels (>50% COHb). Further, 7% had HCN levels above 2 μg/g (an indication of lethal or life-threatening intoxication), 30% had levels above 1 μg/g and over 50% had levels above 0.5 μg/g (an indication of significant HCN exposure). HCN continues to be eliminated from blood also after death (McAllister et al. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2008) and the exact time lapse from death to sampling and analysis is unknown for these blood samples. Thus, measured HCN is probably a serious underestimate of true blood levels at the time of death. CONCLUSION Overall, these Swedish forensic data suggest that HCN may be an equally or even more im-
portant cause of death, compared to CO. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The study was supported by Ångpanneföreningen and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. 1218 DERMAL AND INHALATION EXPOSURE OF EGYPTIAN COTTON WORKERS DURING CHLORPYRIFOS APPLICATIONS. R. Fenske 1 , F. M. Farahat 2 , K. Galvin 1 , J. R. Olson 3 , D. S. Rohlman 4 and W. K. Anger 4 . 1 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 2 Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt, 3 State Univesity of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY and 4 Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR. Concerns about health risks to Egyptian cotton workers who apply organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, including chlorpyrifos (CPF) prompted study of inhalation and dermal exposures to chlorpyrifos, as well as measurement of the CPF urinary metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). Sampling was conducted during the summer of 2009 at cotton fields in the Egyptian Governorate of Menoufia for 12 workers, four from each job category: applicators who used backpack sprayers; technicians who assisted applicators in the fields; and engineers who supervised from outside the field. Personal air samples were collected with OVS sampling tubes at 1.0 LPM. Dermal patches were attached to worker clothing or skin at six locations. Geometric mean (GM) air concentrations by job category were compared using the Welch Anova and Bonferroni test. Mean shift duration was 3.5 hr (SD=0.24 hr). The GM CPF air concentrations were significantly different (p
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The Toxicologist Supplement to Toxi
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The Toxicologist Supplement to Toxi
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1 BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS FOR TISSU
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that genetic toxicology data are ge
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well-orchestrated lung inflammation
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scribed in the literature. We have
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years ago). We will illustrate how
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involved in the biodegradation proc
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stem cells but rather a treatment i
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additional compound showed agreemen
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82 COMPARISON OF 3H-THYMIDINE INCOR
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irritants. While in practice these
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alleles are especially vulnerable t
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109 CD4+ T CELL INTRINSIC TNF RECEP
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118 TO STUDY THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTIO
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PAHs, such as dioxins, are prevalen
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containing substituents and/or hydr
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146 COMPUTATIONAL MODELING FOR QT P
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suggest that the combination of too
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164 TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN (18 KDA) (
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function as a metal binding protein
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laboratory has demonstrated that NR
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known. The aim of this study was to
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from 5 to 28 days in duration) in e
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positive cells, caspase-3 activatio
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creased level in the 46 kDa preproe
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invasiveness at concentrations repr
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thracene (DMBA,50 μg in acetone, a
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247 CO-CARCINOGENESIS OF N, N- DIET
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sponds to the endosomal dsRNA that
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ODD in both WT (maximum 177% of con
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Lastly, using p53siRNA cells, p53 w
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its receptor Mpl to exert its funct
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294 LOW LEVEL OF LEAD CAN INDUCE PH
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lunar surface presented potential h
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lar about cellular export mechanism
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DNA in the kidney medulla, grandula
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5.00 and 7.50 mg/kg/day by oral gav
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events and carcinogenesis. Here we
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tinization of cells of the hair fol
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358 CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOME-WIDE
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RNAi were also performed to identif
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376 A FUNCTIONAL CROSSTALK BETWEEN
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UGT1A gene induction, while this re
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tivity, specifically peroxisome pro
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and cytotoxic effects; however, its
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histone deacetylase that is necessa
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ment. Paradoxically, buthionine sul
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drug leflunomide and its major (A77
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442 GENE EXPRESSION AND MORPHOLOGIC
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451 INHIBITION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL
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460 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ACETAMINO
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drophilic/lipophilic balance. Other
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pharmacokinetic and toxicological p
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489 USE OF ‘OMICS DATA TO IMPROVE
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498 APPLICATION OF AGE-SPECIFIC ADJ
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507 A DOSE VOLUME TOLERABILITY STUD
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involved the use of an acute inflam
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sorption in the gastrointestinal (G
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(ABC) transporters actively transpo
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545 BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF REPIN IN
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a blood pressure phenotype that res
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and inhalation exposure system that
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and lethality associated with these
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position, on vascular reactivity an
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therefore more accurate and reprodu
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commercial chrysotile product that
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elative to their controls. ST-depre
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ats. The majority of the studies fo
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in the China Jintan Child Cohort St
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corneum thickness, cellular epiderm
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645 EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO EPIS
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654 TCDD ADSORBED ONTO NATURAL AND
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tion revealed no test article-relat
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671 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE DAMAGE
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model, ethanol was found to inhibit
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689 ENHANCED SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTION O
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NAC + LPS yielded different levels
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707 LIFE-STAGE PBPK MODELS FOR MULT
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downstream of the apical endpoint o
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726 UPDATED ALUMINUM PHARMACOKINETI
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global parameter sensitivity analys
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and renal inflammation induced by 2
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754 PLASMA, URINE, AND TISSUE CONCE
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cently characterized transporter OA
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exposure system was developed from
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lood cell mass and decrease in urin
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practical alternatives to MC in non
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imals dosed with 167 mg/kg THU alon
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and organ weights, clinical signs a
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yet is induced in most bladder and
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830 RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE SPILL: C
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knowledgebase creation. Results are
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852 UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL AND PH
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for integrating epidemiology and an
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motor activity, including age of th
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y partial purification of urine (fr
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pacity for self-renewal and may dif
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sue. The depth of our analysis led
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910 IMPLEMENTING CALIFORNIA’S GRE
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concentrations in six tissues and b
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934 THE FDA’S LIVER TOXICITY KNOW
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943 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION DIF
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membrane localization and subsequen
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trols, respectively. Subtoxic and t
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survival using both smoking regimes
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Page 225 and 226: mRNA expression levels. Collectivel
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Page 231 and 232: Results: MC was variable within and
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Page 239 and 240: events in the liver. AZD9056 was ev
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Page 249 and 250: The purpose of this project was to
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Page 255 and 256: have now compared the IC50 values b
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Page 263: weight (P=0.016) and small for gest
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Page 293 and 294: mice, each with 4 dose groups. One
Page 295 and 296: exposure to both ATR and DACT has a
Page 297 and 298: third tetratricopeptide repeats (TP
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Page 301 and 302: subunits. Each cell type was treate
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1448 DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR QU
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1457 GLOBAL GENE PROFILING REVEALS
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cluding mouse and human macrophage,
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model of lung inflammation and host
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1484 NANOTOXICOLOGY AND NANOHEALTH
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throughput in vitro approach was us
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1502 IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AN AN
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(CIA) and the Streptococcal cell wa
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sitizers were 100% concordant among
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1530 MINIMAL RISK LEVELS FOR STYREN
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ical groups in the field of regulat
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vitro with this potentially insect-
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their performance on toxicological
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need for a better understanding of
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1577 AN IN VITRO MODEL SYSTEM FOR A
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gene expression post-transcriptiona
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1595 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF RAT
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to confirm a hepatotoxic property o
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1613 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CLEARA
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its nuclear translocation was reduc
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were collected from TK animals at d
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egulated targets were selected for
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U/L after tetracycline. Minocycline
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peri-pubertal FasL-/- mice show a d
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showed similar levels of apoptosis
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1676 TWO BIOMARKERS FOR EVALUATION
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motifs selected. This system was ap
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1693 VOC SERUM LEVELS IN THE GENERA
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1702 DOES THE CLOCK MAKE THE POISON
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those with high nickel content are
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isk assessment. However, unique cha
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model of APAP metabolism and glutat
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logically & morphologically similar
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posure, blood chemistry was analyze
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elated to oxidative stress by measu
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ostasis), but work is needed to tra
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tokine products during carcinogenes
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ways as chemical stressors and, the
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toxicity of nanomaterials relates s
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1815 MEASURING COMPOUND SELECTIVITY
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1825 EFFECTS OF METABOLISM BY INTES
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cyanoacetic acid increased 2-3 fold
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1845 IS THE PROMISCUITY OF THE ARYL
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crorarray analysis. RT-PCR results
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are a family of phase-II biotransfo
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ous labs. As a result of positive s
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down the doses may produce more tox
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spectively. Below 100 mg/l of gemfi
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1900 GENERATION OF PRECISION CUT LI
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iomarkers or observation of lesions
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creased reticulocytes and lymphocyt
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statistically significant interacti
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monize sample preparation and analy
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NPC and sinonasal cancer in neighbo
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showed incidences of lung and nasal
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utylbenzenes, exhibited most simila
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1975 DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION OF CYP
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organic As to MMA(V) and a lower ca
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ole in invasion and metastasis of c
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3T3-L1 cells to low-levels of arsen
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2011 IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL VX M
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This work was supported by Cooperat
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2029 EFFICACY OF ENDOTRACHEAL ADMIN
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Diazepam injections and its combina
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2047 ESTERASE ACTIVITIES AND HEMOST
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nanoparticle-induced toxicity progr
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house, were iv infused into rats ov
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een explored. This study investigat
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croscopic analysis revealed that on
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egg yolk collected from turtles inh
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consistency of results in both expe
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2111 CYTOCHROME P450 3A5 GENOTYPE I
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esidues of organophosphates or thei
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manganism. Recent work from our lab
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Aβ1-40 in CSF and hippocampus in P
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2147 CATALASE MANIPULATIONS MODIFY
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ation based on real-world exposure
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NPs. Aggregation of citrate-stabili
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2175 THE ROLE OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY
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seen rapid uptake in biological ima
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effect on uterine weight or vaginal
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dicating widespread exposure. While
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components into the liver parenchym
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2223 ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF RIC
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stored (-20 celsius degree). The co
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2241 DDA, A BIOMARKER FOR ENVIRONME
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2249 INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY SE
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2258 PHARMACOKINETICS, EXCRETION BA
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2267 SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC FLUORES
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2276 METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION OF
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ment of hypertension in companion a
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for the propyl series can be used f
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2304 IN VITRO EXPOSURE AND EVALUATI
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2313 THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SODI
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genes that play a crucial role in M
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2330 THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWT
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ined following up to 96 h continuou
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effect doses obtained with the rat
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diated transcriptional response of
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docrine disruptor activities of EDC
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individuals. Week 6 results were qu
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functionality of photosystem II and
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wild mice (Mus musculus) from areas
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2406 TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION O
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Isocitric acid is the acid in the h
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2425 EFFECTS OF FUMONISINS IN ETHAN
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centration(μg/g) were: 5.1-95.3; 2
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2445 AUTOPHAGY IN DEVELOPMENT: A LI
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sures to inhaled Mn in dust. Nevert
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2466 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ANIMAL
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elationships predict that resting r
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2489 COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF BIODIE
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2497 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF
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2506 TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS O
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launched with the aim of developing
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forms mRNA expression levels were a
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2534 CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN THE
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wells (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, an
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2553 AN ORGANOTYPIC MICROLIVER PLAT
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serum-free media. At 24 hrs, the gr
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2572 INCREASED ARSENIC BIOACCESSIBI
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nology to develop improved methods.
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tuna, swordfish, or mako shark (3.5
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nificantly reduce circulating thyro
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grouped into 9 observation periods
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histopathological or biochemical ev
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exhibited a hyperactive phenotype,
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the search of effective drugs for e
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2644 COVALENT BINDING OF 14 C 2-MET
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aries targeting all transcription f
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(p 9 weeks) and CSC phenotype acqui
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2673 IMMUNE-MEDIATED VASCULAR INJUR
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for risk identification and charact
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to control toxicant delivery in tob
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Author Index (Continued) The numera
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Keyword Index (Continued) Arsenite
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Keyword Index (Continued) Covalent
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Keyword Index (Continued) flow cyto
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Keyword Index (Continued) innate im
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Keyword Index (Continued) nanoparti
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Keyword Index (Continued) preservat
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Keyword Index (Continued) Thrombocy
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Toxicological Sciences The Official
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The Toxicologist - Society of Toxicology

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