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GC/MS was performed on 8 one-pound samples using matrix-matched standards. The LOQs were 0.005 ug/g and recoveries of spiked biomarkers at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 ug/g of each analyte ranged from 79 to 101%. Strawberries on d 4 contained 0.23 and 0.46 ug/g malathion and fenpropathrin, respectively. Malathion and malaoxon, malathion monoacid and malathion diacid dissipated with t1/2s of 3.4, 7.4, 7.5 and 6.5 d, respectively, during a 10 d study period. The derivatives were more persistent than malathion, and the malathion diacid was most abundant at each sampling. Fenpropathrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA) dissipated with t1/2s of 5.9 and 2.7 d, respectively. The PBA levels ranged from 0.087 to 0.021 ug/g. Malathion and fenpropathrin residues were always below established residue tolerances. Potential biomarkers of pesticide exposure were present in every sample. The absorption and excretion of preformed biomarkers by consumers would falsely indicate pesticide exposure when used to reconstruct dose for risk characterization. 1681 QUANTITATION OF THE BENZO[A]PYRENE (B[A]P) METABOLOME BY A STABLE ISOTOPE DILUTION TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION TO HUMAN BRONCHOALVEOLAR CELLS. D. Lu 1, 2 , R. Harvey 4 , I. Blair 1, 3 and T. Penning 1, 2 . 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2 Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 3 Center for Cancer Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA and 4 The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and are carcinogenic in multiple organs and species. Recently, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a representative PAH has been designated as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. B[a]P requires metabolic activation to exhibit its toxicity and carcinogenicity. The three major metabolic pathways involved include formation of radical cations (peroxidase mediated), diolepoxides (P450 mediated) and o-quinones (aldo-keto reductase mediated). We want to determine the contributions of these different metabolic pathways to cancer induction and prevention by quantitating signature metabolites from each metabolic pathway. By successfully designing and synthesizing a library of [ 13 C 4 ]-labeled B[a]P metabolite internal standards, we developed a sensitive stable isotope dilution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry method to quantitate B[a]P metabolites. The LOD of the generally accepted biomarkers for B[a]P exposure, such as B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol and 3-OH-B[a]P, by this method was 1.5 fmol on column and their LOQ was 6 fmol on column. This method exhibits a 500 fold increased sensitivity compared with a method using HPLC-radiometric detection, which has a LOD of 1 pmol on column. This method was then applied to study the B[a]P metabolome in human bronchoalveolar H358 cells in the presence and absence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a cytochrome P450 inducer. The sensitivity of the method should permit the metabolism of B[a]P to be measured in any setting and could also be used for biomonitoring human exposure to B[a]P. [Supported by 1P30-ES013508 and 1R01-ES-15857 to TMP] 1682 MALDI IMAGING OF PROSTATE CANCER TISSUE TOWARD VALIDATION OF BIOMARKER IDENTIFICATION. C. M. Hattan 1 , N. J. Mastrandrea 1 , J. M. C Gard 2 , R. Nagle 2 , T. J. Monks 1 and S. S. Lau 1 . 1 Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ and 2 College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Prostate-serum antigen, a biomarker for prostate cancer detection, does not differentiate between benign and malignant cancers. Mass-spectrometry-based techniques permit the identification not only of specific proteins unique to diseased tissue, but also whether such proteins are present in a form amenable to therapeutic intervention (whether they are “on” or “off” via posttranslational modifications [PTM]). MALDI tissue and drug imaging of cancer cells were used to identify PTM of signaling proteins. Utilizing a PTEN deficient human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, we examined the expression and PTM of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. 4EBP1 is a key protein involved in the PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling pathways, it is over-expressed in certain cancers, and hyper-phosphorylated during prostate cancer progression. IP of 4EBP1 followed by MALDI, LC-MS/MS analysis and western blotting demonstrated 4EBP1 contained multiple phosphorylation sites. 362 SOT 2011 ANNUAL MEETING Regulation of EGFR/RTKs by Tarceva and MP470 both modulate downstream Raf/MEK/ERK and/or mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathways. Treatment of LNCaP cells with Tarceva/MP470 completely abolished 4EBP1 phosphorylation, as determined by 4EBP1 IP & MALDI analysis. Moreover, MALDI imaging and IHC staining permitted spatial localization of signaling proteins on frozen human prostate cancer tissue. Thus, a detailed profiling of “operative” growth regulatory pathways in individual patient tumor tissue is now possible with current tissue and drug imaging technology. Such information may be essential to guide the selection of pathway-selective therapy to ensure optimal tumor cell killing, and patient survival. Such “pathway profiling” of the primary tumor may also be of benefit when deciding on the selection of targeted therapy for metastatic sites. (GM070890, TGen Pilot Project, Ventana/Roche, P30ES006694, T32ES016652, AstraZeneca Studentship) 1683 MOLECULAR DOSIMETRY OF N 2 -HYDROXYMETHYLdG ADDUCTS FOLLOWING FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE TO NON-HUMAN PRIMATES. B. C. Moeller 1 , K. Lu 2 , M. Doyle-Eisele 3 , J. McDonald 3 , A. Gigliotti 3 and J. A. Swenberg 1, 2 . 1 Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and 3 Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM. Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous chemical that is produced endogenously and used in industrial activities. It is a known carcinogen, causing squamous cell carcinoma in nasal tissue of rats, nasopharyngeal cancer in humans and has limited evidence from epidemiological studies for an association with myeloid leukemia. FA is highly reactive and can adduct to both proteins and DNA forming FA-DNA monoadducts and DNA-protein cross-links. A sensitive and selective nano-LC- MS/MS method was used to differentiate between exogenous and endogenous FAmonoadducts following whole-body exposure with [ 13 CD 2 ]-formaldehyde at 2 or 6 ppm to cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) for 2 days (6 hours per day). Following completion of the exposures, the animals were immediately euthanized and tissues collected. For adduct quantitation, DNA from nasal maxilla-turbinates and femoral bone marrow were isolated, reduced with NaCNBH 3 and digested prior to HPLC fractionation. N 2 -HOCH 2 -dG and its corresponding 13 CD 2 exogenous adduct were quantified by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. In the nose, endogenous N 2 -HOCH 2 -dG adducts were found in all animals studied at 2.24 ± 0.50 adducts/10 7 dG, while exogenous N 2 -HO 13 CD 2 -dG was present at 0.25 ± 0.04 and 0.41 ± 0.05 adducts/10 7 dG at the 2 and 6 ppm exposures, respectively. In bone marrow, no exogenous adducts were detected using 5-fold more DNA, while endogenous adducts were present in all animals. Additional tissues were collected and ongoing studies are continuing to investigate adducts in several additional tissues including: lung, trachea, white blood cells, thymus, spleen, liver and brain. These data will provide critical data for science-based risk assessment of FA exposure. It demonstrates that primates form 5-10 fold lower amounts of exogenous DNA damage in nasal tissue than is formed in rats. 1684 2, 3, 7, 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTS IN AVIAN EMBRYONIC LIVER, IDENTIFIED BY LARGE-SCALE DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY SYSTEM WITH VERTEBRATE-COMMON DEGENERATE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PRIMERS. H. Teraoka 1 , S. Ito 1 , N. Ukai 1 , E. Kim 2, 3 , H. Iwata 3 , T. Kitazawa 1 , T. Hiraga 1 and D. Endoh 1 . 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, 2 Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and 3 Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. Research of possible impacts of toxic substances on gene expressions in a variety of organisms in the environment has been hampered due to lack of detailed molecular information required. In this study, we developed a large-scale differential display systems with vertebrates-common primer sets, based on degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR). Inverse repeat motif of less than 8 mer was found in most transcripts (78.3-99.8%) of 8 vertebrate species from fish to primates. Furthermore, more than ten thousand 8-mer inverse repeat motifs were commonly recognized in transcripts of 8 vertebrates. Among these inverse repeat motifs, 275 common motifs were selected to cover roughly 30% of transcripts throughout 8 vertebrates. 275 DOP primers were prepared with connected with several degenerate sequences and linker sequence to 5’ end of 8-mer inverse repeat
motifs selected. This system was applied to detect genes responsive to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in livers of two avian species in ovo, domestic fowl as one of 8 species used for primer design and common cormorant as wild birds without detailed molecular background. We found 14 coding genes, 1 unknown coding gene and 1 non-coding transcript in embryonic livers of domestic fowl and common cormorant, most of which were newly identified as TCDD-responsive transcripts throughout any vertebrates. Transcripts other than target of the DOP primer set were frequently cloned due to mismatch amplification with several base pairs in 8-mer motif, showing that more than 30% transcripts could be targeted. These results highlighted the usefulness of systematically designed large-scale differential display system to search genes responsive to chemicals for any vertebrates without molecular and toxicological information in advance. 1685 IS TRICHLOROETHYLENE-INDUCED FORMIC ACIDURIA A BIOMARKER OF EXPOSURE RATHER THAN A SIGN OF TOXICITY? E. A. Lock, N. Yaqoob and A. Evans. School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widely used industrial solvent and is a common pollutant of air, soil and water. Administration of large oral doses of TCE to F344 male rats causes formic aciduria (Green et al.,(1998) Toxicology. 127, 39–47). In this study we have confirmed this finding and studied the dose-response relationship and the effect of TCE metabolites on formic acid excretion. Male F344 rats were orally dosed, daily for 3 days, with TCE (5ml/kg in corn oil) over a range of doses from 1000 to 2mg/kg/day and placed in metabolism cages for the collection of urine daily over 4 days. Day 0 urine was prior to dosing. Urine was collected over Na azide and then analysed for pH and formic acid by 1H-NMR spectroscopy using TSP as a standard. Studies were approved by the UK Home Office with 3-5 animals per dose. Some rats were dosed with 1- aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a suicide inhibitor of CYP450 (100mg/kg ip) 4h before TCE or with trichloroethanol (TCE-OH) or trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at 16mg/kg and the urine collected as above. Undosed rats excreted about 1mg formic acid/24h while rats dosed with TCE at 1000mg/kg excreted on average 10mg/24h on day1, 17mg/24h on day2 and 20mg/kg on day3. Decreasing doses of TCE down to 12mg/kg showed a similar response, which then reduced such that at 2mg/kg/day (the lowest dose tested) about 5mg formic acid/24h/day was detected. Urinary pH was more acidic at dose > 16mg/kg/day. Pretreatment with ABT followed by TCE at 16mg/kg prevented the increase in formic acid excretion. While dosing with TCE-OH and TCA caused formic aciduria which was most marked following TCA exposure. These studies shown for the first time that TCE-induced formic aciduria occurs at doses below those which produce toxicity and suggests this may be a useful biomarker of exposure. The response requires cytochrome P450 dependant metabolism of TCE, which is consistent with the finding that both major metabolites of TCE produce formic aciduria. 1686 VALIDATION OF A PORTABLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE (XRF) TECHNOLOGY TO QUANTIFY LEAD IN BONE IN VIVO. S. Sanchez 1 , M. G. Weisskopf 2 and L. H. Nie 1 . 1 School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN and 2 Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lead is a ubiquitous toxicant in the environment. Bone lead represents cumulative lead exposure and is a better biomarker to assess association between lead and some adverse health outcomes especially the health outcomes related to long-term chronic lead exposures. Bone lead measured by a K x-ray fluorescence (KXRF) technology has been used as a biomarker for epidemiology and toxicology study on lead for over two decades. However, there are few labs worldwide possess the KXRF technology because of its infrastructural demands. We investigated the feasibility and methodology of the development of a portable in vivo x-ray fluorescence (XRF) bone lead quantification system in our previous studies (Nie LH et al. in press). In this study, we validate this technology with lead doped bone-equivalent phantoms, blank soft tissue-equivalent phantoms, and human cadaver bones. Because the technology depends heavily on the thickness of the soft tissue which overlays the bone, we tested the accuracy and precision of this technology at different soft tissue thicknesses. We also tested the reproducibility of the technology with continuous measurements and measurements at different times. The reproducibility of the technology with human cadaver bones was also tested. Two main results were obtained from this study: a) both accuracy and precision for this technology degrades with the increase of the tissue thickness; however, the results are not sig- nificantly different from the true value for tissue thicknesses less than 4 mm; b) the results are highly reproducible with both phantoms and the human cadaver bones. In conclusion, the portable XRF technology we developed is a valid technology for in vivo quantification of lead in bone. Nie LH, Sanchez S, Newton K, Grodzins L, Cleveland R, Weisskopf MG. In Vivo Quantification of Lead in Bone with a Portable XRF System – Methodology and Feasibility, Physics in Medicine and Biology, In Press 1687 USE OF GLOBIN ADDUCTS FOR 1, 3-BUTADIENE INTERNAL DOSIMETRY THAT REFLECTS EXPOSURE AND METABOLISM. N. K. Bordeerat 1 , S. Carro 1 , L. Collins 1 , W. Bodnar 1 , P. Upton 1 , V. Walker 2 and J. A. Swenberg 1 . 1 Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and 2 University of Vermont, Burlington, VT. Butadiene (BD) carcinogenicity in rodents shows gender, species and concentration dependency, making the extrapolation of animal results to humans complex. BD is a multispecies carcinogen, with mice being a much more sensitive species than rats. This is considered to be related to the metabolism of BD to its epoxy metabolites. The mutagenic potency of individual epoxides varies up to 200-fold, with diepoxide being the most mutagenic. For accurate risk assessment it is important to elucidate species differences in the internal formation of the individual epoxides in order to assign the relative risks associated with their different mutagenic potencies. Nterminal globin adducts have been applied for measurements of the formation of BD derived epoxides. In this study, the formation of each epoxide was evaluated in globin samples from both genders of rodents exposed to BD by inhalation for 10 days. The number of globin adducts were then converted into EB dose equivalents. These were calculated on the basis of the combined internal dose (globin adducts) and the relative genotoxic potency of the respective epoxides inferred from the efficiency of inducing mutations at the Hprt locus. Based on the EB equivalent, higher exposures formed lower amounts per ppm BD. This indicates that metabolism of BD to epoxides is most effective at low exposures. The EB equivalent for mice was about 40-fold higher than rats at similar exposures. No gender differences were noted in globin adducts of rodents at all exposures. As such, EB dose equivalents provide quantitative data on biomarkers of exposure that can be compared with DNA adducts and mutations. Since these data demonstrated that there were no gender differences in metabolism, yet female rats and mice have been shown to have increased amounts of DNA cross-links and Hprt mutations, the collective data suggest a gender difference in repair of DNA cross-links in females that results in increased numbers of mutations. 1688 AFLATOXIN EXPOSURE IN RURAL RESIDENTS OF BURKINA FASO, WEST AFRICA. P. A. Nikiema, G. Qian, L. Tang, J. H. Williams and J. Wang. University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Aflatoxins (AF) are significant toxic contaminants of food. AF exposure and associated human diseases are serious global public health concerns, especially for the developing world. To establish a global network for assessment of AF exposure in high-risk populations, a two-wave cross-sectional study (n=812) and an intervention study (n=493) were conducted in rural areas of Burkina Faso. Dietary survey was conducted for assessing dietary AF exposure and blood samples were drawn for AF biomarker evaluation. Levels of serum AFB1-lysine adduct (AFB-Lys) were measured by HPLC-fluorescence. Samples collected in Sep-Oct wave showed significant differences (p
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The Toxicologist Supplement to Toxi
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The Toxicologist Supplement to Toxi
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1 BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS FOR TISSU
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that genetic toxicology data are ge
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well-orchestrated lung inflammation
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scribed in the literature. We have
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years ago). We will illustrate how
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involved in the biodegradation proc
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stem cells but rather a treatment i
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additional compound showed agreemen
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82 COMPARISON OF 3H-THYMIDINE INCOR
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irritants. While in practice these
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alleles are especially vulnerable t
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109 CD4+ T CELL INTRINSIC TNF RECEP
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118 TO STUDY THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTIO
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PAHs, such as dioxins, are prevalen
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containing substituents and/or hydr
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146 COMPUTATIONAL MODELING FOR QT P
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suggest that the combination of too
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164 TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN (18 KDA) (
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function as a metal binding protein
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laboratory has demonstrated that NR
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known. The aim of this study was to
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from 5 to 28 days in duration) in e
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positive cells, caspase-3 activatio
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creased level in the 46 kDa preproe
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invasiveness at concentrations repr
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thracene (DMBA,50 μg in acetone, a
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247 CO-CARCINOGENESIS OF N, N- DIET
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sponds to the endosomal dsRNA that
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ODD in both WT (maximum 177% of con
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Lastly, using p53siRNA cells, p53 w
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its receptor Mpl to exert its funct
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294 LOW LEVEL OF LEAD CAN INDUCE PH
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lunar surface presented potential h
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lar about cellular export mechanism
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DNA in the kidney medulla, grandula
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5.00 and 7.50 mg/kg/day by oral gav
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events and carcinogenesis. Here we
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tinization of cells of the hair fol
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358 CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOME-WIDE
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RNAi were also performed to identif
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376 A FUNCTIONAL CROSSTALK BETWEEN
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UGT1A gene induction, while this re
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tivity, specifically peroxisome pro
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and cytotoxic effects; however, its
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histone deacetylase that is necessa
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ment. Paradoxically, buthionine sul
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drug leflunomide and its major (A77
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442 GENE EXPRESSION AND MORPHOLOGIC
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451 INHIBITION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL
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460 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ACETAMINO
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drophilic/lipophilic balance. Other
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pharmacokinetic and toxicological p
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489 USE OF ‘OMICS DATA TO IMPROVE
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498 APPLICATION OF AGE-SPECIFIC ADJ
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507 A DOSE VOLUME TOLERABILITY STUD
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involved the use of an acute inflam
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sorption in the gastrointestinal (G
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(ABC) transporters actively transpo
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545 BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF REPIN IN
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a blood pressure phenotype that res
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and inhalation exposure system that
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and lethality associated with these
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position, on vascular reactivity an
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therefore more accurate and reprodu
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commercial chrysotile product that
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elative to their controls. ST-depre
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ats. The majority of the studies fo
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in the China Jintan Child Cohort St
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corneum thickness, cellular epiderm
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645 EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO EPIS
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654 TCDD ADSORBED ONTO NATURAL AND
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tion revealed no test article-relat
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671 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE DAMAGE
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model, ethanol was found to inhibit
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689 ENHANCED SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTION O
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NAC + LPS yielded different levels
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707 LIFE-STAGE PBPK MODELS FOR MULT
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downstream of the apical endpoint o
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726 UPDATED ALUMINUM PHARMACOKINETI
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global parameter sensitivity analys
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and renal inflammation induced by 2
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754 PLASMA, URINE, AND TISSUE CONCE
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cently characterized transporter OA
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exposure system was developed from
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lood cell mass and decrease in urin
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practical alternatives to MC in non
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imals dosed with 167 mg/kg THU alon
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and organ weights, clinical signs a
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yet is induced in most bladder and
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830 RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE SPILL: C
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knowledgebase creation. Results are
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852 UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL AND PH
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for integrating epidemiology and an
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motor activity, including age of th
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y partial purification of urine (fr
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pacity for self-renewal and may dif
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sue. The depth of our analysis led
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910 IMPLEMENTING CALIFORNIA’S GRE
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concentrations in six tissues and b
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934 THE FDA’S LIVER TOXICITY KNOW
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943 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION DIF
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membrane localization and subsequen
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trols, respectively. Subtoxic and t
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survival using both smoking regimes
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as non-, weak, moderate, or strong
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988 NNK-INDUCED CYTOKINE ALTERATION
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group (one-way ANOVA, p90 % viabili
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ered as an organ involved in xenobi
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Transport of CPZ across the Caco-2
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estrous cycle and sexual behavior d
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mRNA expression levels. Collectivel
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1043 THE EFFECTS OF ENDOCRINE DISRU
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1052 MONO-2-ETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE IN
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Results: MC was variable within and
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UtSMCs. Phosphorylation of FoxO1 wa
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nonpregnant and pregnant diabetic m
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1089 PFOA-INDUCED LIVER EFFECTS IN
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events in the liver. AZD9056 was ev
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The peppermint oil caused a concent
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OA did not affect food consumption.
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1126 PERSISTENT DEVELOPMENTAL ARYLH
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1135 BACH2 BINDING TO Prdm1 AS A ME
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The purpose of this project was to
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one marrow. Since Chk1 is an attrac
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1163 THE MRNA AND MIRNA PROFILE OF
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have now compared the IC50 values b
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1181 ELUCIDATION OF FACTORS DETERMI
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enced by pre-exposure to cigarette
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if abnormal PF was associated with
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weight (P=0.016) and small for gest
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portant cause of death, compared to
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posure groups. However, the differe
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Naphthalene is routinely analyzed i
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1245 SEASONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF H
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1255 URINARY T, T MUCONIC ACID LEVE
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modating a reliable data evaluation
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enzoquinone generate ROS and arylat
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teins (e.g. C3, 4, and 5, APOB, VDB
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1293 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BET
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mation was decreased to the same le
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1312 EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY
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luted OFR and CRL. Culture media ex
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urinary TCPy levels, blood and brai
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activity. The dose-response curves
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mice, each with 4 dose groups. One
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exposure to both ATR and DACT has a
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third tetratricopeptide repeats (TP
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7d. 28d after TMT injury there was
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subunits. Each cell type was treate
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1394 COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF METHYLM
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1403 GENOTOXICITY AND PRE-NEOPLASTI
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vated only in high-dose-treated ani
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1421 DOSE-RESPONSE OF NAPHTHALENE-I
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cisplatin; 1.2-, 1.9- and 2.9-fold
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Day 11 and started to recover on Da
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statistically significant interacti
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monize sample preparation and analy
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NPC and sinonasal cancer in neighbo
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showed incidences of lung and nasal
Page 425 and 426:
utylbenzenes, exhibited most simila
Page 427 and 428:
1975 DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION OF CYP
Page 429 and 430:
organic As to MMA(V) and a lower ca
Page 431 and 432:
ole in invasion and metastasis of c
Page 433 and 434:
3T3-L1 cells to low-levels of arsen
Page 435 and 436:
2011 IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL VX M
Page 437 and 438:
This work was supported by Cooperat
Page 439 and 440:
2029 EFFICACY OF ENDOTRACHEAL ADMIN
Page 441 and 442:
Diazepam injections and its combina
Page 443 and 444:
2047 ESTERASE ACTIVITIES AND HEMOST
Page 445 and 446:
nanoparticle-induced toxicity progr
Page 447 and 448:
house, were iv infused into rats ov
Page 449 and 450:
een explored. This study investigat
Page 451 and 452:
croscopic analysis revealed that on
Page 453 and 454:
egg yolk collected from turtles inh
Page 455 and 456:
consistency of results in both expe
Page 457 and 458:
2111 CYTOCHROME P450 3A5 GENOTYPE I
Page 459 and 460:
esidues of organophosphates or thei
Page 461 and 462:
manganism. Recent work from our lab
Page 463 and 464:
Aβ1-40 in CSF and hippocampus in P
Page 465 and 466:
2147 CATALASE MANIPULATIONS MODIFY
Page 467 and 468:
ation based on real-world exposure
Page 469 and 470:
NPs. Aggregation of citrate-stabili
Page 471 and 472:
2175 THE ROLE OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Page 473 and 474:
seen rapid uptake in biological ima
Page 475 and 476:
effect on uterine weight or vaginal
Page 477 and 478:
dicating widespread exposure. While
Page 479 and 480:
components into the liver parenchym
Page 481 and 482:
2223 ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF RIC
Page 483 and 484:
stored (-20 celsius degree). The co
Page 485 and 486:
2241 DDA, A BIOMARKER FOR ENVIRONME
Page 487 and 488:
2249 INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY SE
Page 489 and 490:
2258 PHARMACOKINETICS, EXCRETION BA
Page 491 and 492:
2267 SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC FLUORES
Page 493 and 494:
2276 METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION OF
Page 495 and 496:
ment of hypertension in companion a
Page 497 and 498:
for the propyl series can be used f
Page 499 and 500:
2304 IN VITRO EXPOSURE AND EVALUATI
Page 501 and 502:
2313 THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SODI
Page 503 and 504:
genes that play a crucial role in M
Page 505 and 506:
2330 THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWT
Page 507 and 508:
ined following up to 96 h continuou
Page 509 and 510:
effect doses obtained with the rat
Page 511 and 512:
diated transcriptional response of
Page 513 and 514:
docrine disruptor activities of EDC
Page 515 and 516:
individuals. Week 6 results were qu
Page 517 and 518:
functionality of photosystem II and
Page 519 and 520:
wild mice (Mus musculus) from areas
Page 521 and 522:
2406 TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION O
Page 523 and 524:
Isocitric acid is the acid in the h
Page 525 and 526:
2425 EFFECTS OF FUMONISINS IN ETHAN
Page 527 and 528:
centration(μg/g) were: 5.1-95.3; 2
Page 529 and 530:
2445 AUTOPHAGY IN DEVELOPMENT: A LI
Page 531 and 532:
sures to inhaled Mn in dust. Nevert
Page 533 and 534:
2466 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ANIMAL
Page 535 and 536:
elationships predict that resting r
Page 537 and 538:
2489 COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF BIODIE
Page 539 and 540:
2497 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF
Page 541 and 542:
2506 TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS O
Page 543 and 544:
launched with the aim of developing
Page 545 and 546:
forms mRNA expression levels were a
Page 547 and 548:
2534 CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN THE
Page 549 and 550:
wells (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, an
Page 551 and 552:
2553 AN ORGANOTYPIC MICROLIVER PLAT
Page 553 and 554:
serum-free media. At 24 hrs, the gr
Page 555 and 556:
2572 INCREASED ARSENIC BIOACCESSIBI
Page 557 and 558:
nology to develop improved methods.
Page 559 and 560:
tuna, swordfish, or mako shark (3.5
Page 561 and 562:
nificantly reduce circulating thyro
Page 563 and 564:
grouped into 9 observation periods
Page 565 and 566:
histopathological or biochemical ev
Page 567 and 568:
exhibited a hyperactive phenotype,
Page 569 and 570:
the search of effective drugs for e
Page 571 and 572:
2644 COVALENT BINDING OF 14 C 2-MET
Page 573 and 574:
aries targeting all transcription f
Page 575 and 576:
(p 9 weeks) and CSC phenotype acqui
Page 577 and 578:
2673 IMMUNE-MEDIATED VASCULAR INJUR
Page 579 and 580:
for risk identification and charact
Page 581 and 582:
to control toxicant delivery in tob
Page 583 and 584:
Author Index (Continued) The numera
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Keyword Index (Continued) Arsenite
Page 613 and 614:
Keyword Index (Continued) Covalent
Page 615 and 616:
Keyword Index (Continued) flow cyto
Page 617 and 618:
Keyword Index (Continued) innate im
Page 619 and 620:
Keyword Index (Continued) nanoparti
Page 621 and 622:
Keyword Index (Continued) preservat
Page 623 and 624:
Keyword Index (Continued) Thrombocy
Page 625 and 626:
Toxicological Sciences The Official
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