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conjunction with chemical pesticides under integrated pest management. Heterorhabditis minutus, an EPN has the potential as a biocontrol agent and considered ideal for the local agro climatic conditions. Infective juveniles (IJs) of H. minutus isolated from the larvae of tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura and, the multiplied IJs were harvested in the laboratory. Initially, the IJs were directly exposed to six pesticides (Endosulfon, Acephate, Profenofos, Chlorpyrifos, Methomyl and Cypermethrin), which are used to control the insect pests) by Static Bioassay Tests for 24, 48 and 72 hour exposure in 0.1 to 1.0 percent dilutions of stock solution of each pesticide (field recommended dilution being 0.5 percent). IJs of EPN exhibited 100% mortality after 72 hour exposure to Endosulfon; however, varying degrees of mortality with the other pesticides was observed. The rate of mortality was increased with an increase in the period of exposure. Further, the infectivity of the recovered IJs of the EPN from pesticide exposure was assessed by bioassay method using the later stage larva of shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbanalis under laboratory conditions. These recovered IJs after exposure to the five pesticides have successfully infected the pest resulting in the mortality suggesting that the pesticide-exposed and recovered EPN retains the efficacy to infect the pest and cause mortality, however, in varying degrees. The efficacy was found to be highest in those recovered EPNs which were exposed to Cypermethrin followed by those exposed to Methomyl, Chlorpyrifos, Profenofos and Acephate. Results suggest that the EPN is more compatible with the pyrethroid pesticide than with the carbamate or aromatic and heterocyclic organophosphate pesticides, while completely incompatible with organochlorine pesticide. 1251 THE ROLE OF BOUND, SKIN RESIDUES IN DERMAL ABSORPTION OF PESTICIDES. R. C. Cochran 1 and J. H. Ross 2 . 1 Risk Assessment, GemQualityRisk, Inc., Sacramento, CA and 2 GemQualityRisk, Inc., Carmichael, CA. Most human, occupational exposures to pesticides occur through the dermal route. Consequently, an accurate estimate of dermal absorption is critical to assessing systemic exposures to pesticides. Standard FIFRA in vivo dermal absorption studies clearly indicate the percentage of pesticide that has entered a test animal’s system from the amount of chemical recovered from the urine, feces, carcass, and cage washes. The question arises, though, as to how the amount of pesticide that is left bound to the skin at the application site should be considered. Estimations of acute risk generally involve toxic endpoints that are expressed in less than 24 hours. Thus, pesticide residues still bound to the skin at the end of 24 hours will not produce an acute, systemic toxic effect. The situation with regards to dermal absorption of repetitive, daily exposure doses is more uncertain. From our examination of twenty guideline dermal exposure studies extending beyond 24 hours, it is apparent that some bound skin residues become systemically absorbed over time. Consequently, there is the possibility that bound skin residues might significantly increase systemic levels of a pesticide in a daily dosing regime. This possibility has led to the practice of USEPA and other regulatory agencies assuming that bound skin residues are part of the systemic exposure through the dermal route. This assumption implies that bound skin residues significantly increase the daily systemic absorbed dose after day 1 in multiple day dermal exposures. Preliminary examination of the data from pesticide dermal exposure studies in which the chemical was not washed off until termination, or the animals were dosed on succeeding days, indicate that the daily systemic absorption of pesticides does not significantly increase after day 1. It is therefore concluded that the bound skin residue should not be used to increase the estimated systemically absorbed dose. 1252 BISPHENOL A (BPA) AND HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE (HBCD) STEREOISOMERS IN U.S. FOOD. A. Schecter 1 , N. Malik 1 , O. Paepke 2 and L. Birnbaum 3 . 1 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, 2 Eurofins Gfa GmbH Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany and 3 National Institute for Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC. Bisphenol A (BPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are chemicals used in multiple applications. BPA is used in can linings to protect food. HBCD is a flame retardant. These chemicals enter the environment by leaching from consumer products. Exposure occurs primarily through food and dust ingestion. To the best of our knowledge, we report levels of BPA in fresh, canned, and plastic contained U.S. food and HBCD stereoisomers in U.S. food for the first time. Food was collected from Dallas, Texas supermarkets in 2010. 13C-labelled BPA and γ-HBCD were used as internal standards. Control of recovery of internal standards was followed by recalibration within each sequence of analyses. A minimum of one blank was used within each batch. Analyses of BPA and HBCD were by HRGC/LRMS and LC/MS-MS, respectively. BPA was detected in 63 of 105 samples, including human, cat, and dog foods. Levels ranged from 0.23 to 65.0 ng/g wet weight (ww). 268 SOT 2011 ANNUAL MEETING BPA levels were not necessarily associated with type of food but were higher in canned than fresh food. BPA levels were higher for foods of pH 5 and lower for more acidic and alkaline foods. HBCD was detected in 25 of 36 food samples. Total HBCD levels ranged from 0.023 to 1.363 ng/g ww. Stereoisomer specific analysis detected α-HBCD in 23 samples with levels ranging from 0.006 to 1.307 ng/g ww; β-HBCD in 11 samples with levels from 0.005 to 0.019 ng/g ww; and γ- HBCD in 18 samples with levels from 0.012 to 0.170 ng/g ww. The α-HBCD stereoisomer dominated in these samples as in humans and wildlife despite γ- HBCD being highest in commercial HBCD mixtures. BPA levels did not exceed the reference dose set by the U.S. government. However, health effects of chemical mixtures are unknown. As detectable levels of BPA and HBCD were found in many foods, further research is indicated to determine levels of BPA, HBCD, and other endocrine-active compounds in U.S. food. (This does not reflect NIH policy.) 1253 SECOND-HAND, SMOKE-INDUCED PRO- INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MICE. T. Muthumalage 2 , K. Hunter 3, 2 , D. Redelman 4 , K. Pritsos 1 and C. Pritsos 1, 2 . 1 Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 2 Environmental Sciences Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 3 Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV and 4 Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV. Exposure to high levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) remains a serious problem for many workers. In this study we looked at SHS stimulated cytokine production and oxidative stress in BALB C and C57BL/6 mice exposed to SHS for 6 hours per day for 3 consecutive days. 24 hours after the final exposure, BAL fluid and lung tissue were collected for analyses. Lung tissue was assayed for SOD and GPOX activity. A time-dependent study (2,6 and 24 hours) established that 24 hours was the best time to collect cytokine data following LPS stimulation of macrophage for the cytokines being tested. BAL was subsequently assayed for GM-CSF, IL-1B, IL-6 and TNF-alpha 24 hours following alveolar macrophage stimulation with LPS or vehicle control. The data show that C57BL/6 and BALB/C mice respond differently to SHS exposure. C57BL/6 unexposed AM show greater cytokine response after LPS stimulation than the BALB/C AM. Following exposure, however, the C57BL/6 SHS exposed AM had a decreased LPS-induced inflammatory response as compared to their unexposed counterparts whereas the BALB/C SHS exposed AM had an equivalent or greater inflammatory response. These results suggest that C57BL/6 mice but not BALB/C may express an endotoxin tolerance similar to that observed in human smokers. . This study was supported in part by a grant from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute and the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. 1254 COMMONLY USED AIR FILTERS DO NOT SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE EXPOSURE TO SECONDHAND SMOKE CONSTITUENTS. C. Pritsos 1, 2 and T. Muthumalage 2 . 1 Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV and 2 Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV. Exposure to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) remains a serious problem for many workers. Seeking exemptions to smoking bans, some businesses and industries claim that air filtration systems provide adequate protection to workers from ETS, although these claims have little scientific basis. In this study we tested whether air filtration could significantly reduce ETS contaminants. Using a Teague-10 smoking machine to generate SHS we determined carbon monoxide (CO) total suspended particle (TSP), Particulate Matter (PM) 1, 2.5 and 10 levels both before and after air filtration. Air filters commonly used in homes and businesses (MERV ratings of between 4 and 8) were tested. Study results showed that MERV 4 rated filters (commonly used in homes) had no effect on CO levels and little effect on TSP and PM 1, 2.5 and 10 particles (less than 20% reduction following filtration). MERV 6 and 8 rated filters which represent higher efficiency filters used in businesses did not affect CO levels and reduced TSP and PM 1, 2.5 and 10 particulate levels by less than 50% of non-filtered air levels. The significant levels of PM 1 and 2.5 particulates remaining after filtration are of major concern as these are known to be severely damaging to lung tissues. These results demonstrate that air filters commonly used in homes and businesses do not eliminate exposure to ETS chemical constituents. This suggests that common air filtration systems do not eliminate SHS toxicity. This study was supported by a grant from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute and by the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station.
1255 URINARY T, T MUCONIC ACID LEVELS ARE MODULATED BY EPXH1H139R AND NQO1*2 POLYMORPHISMS IN CHILDREN. E. Jiménez-Mendoza 1, 2 , M. Sánchez-Guerra 1 , N. A. Pelallo-Martínez 3 , F. Díaz- Barriga 3 , L. Carrizales-Yánez 3 and B. Quintanilla-Vega 1 . 1 Toxicology Department, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico, 2 FES-Iztacala-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico and 3 Faculty of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The main adverse effect of chronic exposure to benzene is leukemia and other cancers, representing a public health problem, especially for children, who are one of the most vulnerable populations. After being metabolized, benzene is eliminated in urine as trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), which is a sensitive indicator of low benzene exposures. Some enzymes involved in benzene metabolism such as CYP2E1, EPHX1 (activation), and NQO1 and GST (deactivation) have polymorphisms that may lead to greater susceptibility in exposed subjects. Coatzacoalcos County, in Veracruz, Mexico (in the Gulf of Mexico), is characterized as an area of great industrial activity mainly petrochemical. We conducted a cross-sectional study in children (6 to 10 years old, n=85) from three elementary schools, located near the major industrial complexes. Urine and blood samples were collected, and urine t,t- MA levels were determined by HPLC and genetic polymorphisms CYP2E1 PstI/RsaI, GSTM1*0 and GSTT1*0 by conventional PCR and EPHX1T113H, EPHX1H139R and NQO1*2 by real-time PCR. Thirty percent of children had higher urinary levels of t,t-MA than the biological exposure index in the workplace (500 μg t,t-MA/g creatinine). Results about the gene-environment associations showed that EPHX1H139R heterozygous children had significant lower t,t-MA levels (-36%, p=0.002), a polymorphism associated with an increased activity (8% allele frequency) as well as NQO1*2 homozygous children (-51%, p=0.011), a polymorphism associated with a decreased activity; these compared to wild-type individuals. There were no homozygous subjects for CYP2E1 PstI/RsaI polymorphism. Our results suggest that EPHX1H139R and NQO1*2 polymorphisms modulate urinary t,t-MA levels in children environmentally exposed to benzene, which may contribute to individual metabolic differences and therefore, higher susceptibility to develop toxic effects. (Supported by CONACyT Grant-87234). 1256 BLOOD MERCURY CONCENTRATION AND RELATED FACTORS IN AN URBAN COASTAL AREA IN KOREA. Y. S. Hong 1 , D. S. Kim 2 , E. M. Jo 1 , B. G. Kim 1 , Y. M. Kim 1 , C. H. You 1 , S. D. Yu 2 and J. D. Park 3 . 1 Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea, 2 Environmental Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea and 3 Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Objectives: This study was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the blood mercury concentration of the residents of Busan, Korea, as well as the relationship between the mercury concentration and the pattern of fish consumption along with other epidemiological factors. Methods: Two hundred ninety-three subjects (147 men and 146 women), who were aged 40 years or more, were recruited into this study between June and October 2009. The mean age of the subjects was 54.3 years (with a range of 40-70 years). Mercury concentrations in blood samples were measured using a gold-amalgam collection method. Results: The geometric mean concentration of mercury in the total subjects was 8.63 μg/L [range: 1.48~45.71 μg/L]. The blood mercury concentration of the men (9.55 μg/L) was significantly higher than that of the women (7.76 μg/L). The blood mercury concentration of those who eat fish more than 4 times per week was higher than others, and was statistically significant (male p=0.0019, female p=0.0002). According to the multiple analysis, the blood mercury concentration was significantly affected by the consumed fish but other epidemiological factors were not related. Conclusions: It was found that the subjects who have consumed a large amount of fish may have high blood mercury concentration. It appears that fish consumption can influence blood mercury concentration. Therefore, guidelines for fish consumption that will decrease blood mercury concentration might be necessary in Korea. 1257 HIGH PERFORMANCE METABOLIC PROFILING (HPMP) FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY. Y. H. Park. Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Sponsor: D. Jones. Over 60,000 chemicals are registered for commercial use, and each of these can be biologically or environmentally altered to give additional xenobiotics. Yet modern surveillance tools largely rely upon approaches of analytical chemistry in which chemicals are analyzed one at a time against authentic standards. In the current study, we used liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry and algorithms for peak extraction to detect and provide relative quantification of about 4000 chemicals, both known and unknown, in small volumes of plasma from humans and 6 other mammalian species. Searches of metabolic and chemical databases for the high resolution m/z showed matches to endogenous metabolites, dietary components and environmental chemicals such as pirimicarb (insecticide), triphenylphosphate (plasticizer and fire retardant) and pencycuron (fungicide). However, greater than half of the detected m/z did not match known chemicals, indicating that a substantial range of unidentified chemicals are also commonly present in human and other plasma. Controlled experimental studies show that effects of exposures on patterns of endogenous metabolites can readily be detected. Routine application of this method would provide a capability to obtain a new level of understanding of geographic and life-cycle differences in exposures and provide the basis to link specific exposures to underlying metabolic responses. 1258 EVALUATING CHEMICAL EXPOSURES USING HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS FOR ACRYLAMIDE AND 1, 3-BUTADIENE. J. M. Shimek 1 , B. McCarthy 2 , S. Erdal 1 and F. Davis 2 . 1 Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL and 2 Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL. Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts reflect exposure to specific chemicals occurring in the past four months. Improvements in chemical-specific analytical methods permit the measurement of low levels of Hb adducts and the results are an indicator of exposure from all potential sources. Interpretation of results is difficult because of the many sources of chemical exposure and variability in humans. In this study, exposure to acrylamide and 1,3-butadiene was examined to assess the influence of occupation, demographics, tobacco use and diet on Hb adduct formation. Seventy-six participants were recruited from an existing control population of a glioma casecontrol study. Participants had completed an extensive questionnaire and blood samples were collected at the time of initial enrollment or on a return visit. Analysis for the pyr-Val adduct of 1,3-butadiene was completed at UNC, Chapel Hill and for the acrylamide adducts at the CDC Environmental Sciences lab. Current occupation was compared with the 1981-83 National Occupational Exposure Survey to determine the potential for exposure. Questionnaire data was compared to the resulting levels of pyr-Val adducts for 1,3-butadiene and acrylamide and glycidamide adducts for acrylamide. Potential occupational exposures did not show a difference between the exposed and unexposed subjects. When comparing geometric means of subgroups, statistically significant differences (α=0.05) were found for the pyr- Val adduct for state of residence and second hand smoke exposure; for acrylamide adducts for current and ever smokers; and for glycidamide adducts for increased consumption of wheat, corn or millet products. Detection of the pyr-Val adduct in humans has not previously been reported and is significant because the epoxide that forms this adduct is the most carcinogenic of the three 1,3-butadiene adducts. The acrylamide adduct results are significant for smoking and diet history. Continuing research needs to be done in this area. 1259 A FISHING LINE GENERATOR TO DELIVER WTC DUST PARTICLES FOR INHALATION EXPOSURE. J. M. Vaughan, B. J. Garrett, M. D. Cohen and L. Chen. Environmental Health Science, New York University, Tuxedo, NY. First Responders exposed to caustic dust & toxic pollutants following the 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks suffered irrefutable damage to their respiratory health. Existing studies that have been performed thus far have primarily used only one size fraction (< 2.5μ diameter) of WTC dusts to evaluate health effects; however, this was not truly representative of exposures Responders underwent. No studies have taken into account larger particle sizes normally deemed not biologically relevant (> 10μ diameter) despite the fact the atmospheres contained primarily (>95%) coarse/supercoarse particles and a majority of Responders underwent heavy mouth breathing during their labors at Ground Zero. Thus, analysis of health effects arising from exposures to the larger more alkaline WTC particles is essential. For this, a Fishing line system for delivering large particles was constructed to create relevant exposure scenarios for rats that will correspond to both dust dosages/size distributions the First Responders faced. Further, this system was integrated into an intratracheal inhalation (ITIH) system to provide a relevant inhalation approach (mimics Responders mouth breathing scenarios). Using concentrations (33, 66, 99 mgdust/m3) designed to deliver rat equivalents that correspond to low-high estimated dust levels [250-750 mg/m3] likely encountered by Responders on 9/12-13, particle delivery was measured gravimetrically and size distribution via an elutriator. Male F344 rats (n=8/group) were then exposed to WTC dusts/filtered air via ITIH exposure for 2hr/d for 3 consec days. Lung tissues were collected at several timepoints after the final dust exposure for lung burden analysis/lavage to measure inflammatory parameters. Inflammation was observed at several timepoints post final dust exposure. Via these novel systems, we can conduct SOT 2011 ANNUAL MEETING 269
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The Toxicologist Supplement to Toxi
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The Toxicologist Supplement to Toxi
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1 BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS FOR TISSU
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that genetic toxicology data are ge
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well-orchestrated lung inflammation
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scribed in the literature. We have
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years ago). We will illustrate how
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involved in the biodegradation proc
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stem cells but rather a treatment i
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additional compound showed agreemen
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82 COMPARISON OF 3H-THYMIDINE INCOR
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irritants. While in practice these
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alleles are especially vulnerable t
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109 CD4+ T CELL INTRINSIC TNF RECEP
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118 TO STUDY THE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTIO
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PAHs, such as dioxins, are prevalen
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containing substituents and/or hydr
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146 COMPUTATIONAL MODELING FOR QT P
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suggest that the combination of too
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164 TRANSLOCATOR PROTEIN (18 KDA) (
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function as a metal binding protein
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laboratory has demonstrated that NR
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known. The aim of this study was to
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from 5 to 28 days in duration) in e
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positive cells, caspase-3 activatio
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creased level in the 46 kDa preproe
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invasiveness at concentrations repr
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thracene (DMBA,50 μg in acetone, a
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247 CO-CARCINOGENESIS OF N, N- DIET
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sponds to the endosomal dsRNA that
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ODD in both WT (maximum 177% of con
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Lastly, using p53siRNA cells, p53 w
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its receptor Mpl to exert its funct
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294 LOW LEVEL OF LEAD CAN INDUCE PH
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lunar surface presented potential h
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lar about cellular export mechanism
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DNA in the kidney medulla, grandula
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5.00 and 7.50 mg/kg/day by oral gav
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events and carcinogenesis. Here we
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tinization of cells of the hair fol
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358 CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOME-WIDE
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RNAi were also performed to identif
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376 A FUNCTIONAL CROSSTALK BETWEEN
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UGT1A gene induction, while this re
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tivity, specifically peroxisome pro
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and cytotoxic effects; however, its
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histone deacetylase that is necessa
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ment. Paradoxically, buthionine sul
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drug leflunomide and its major (A77
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442 GENE EXPRESSION AND MORPHOLOGIC
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451 INHIBITION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL
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460 SULFORAPHANE PREVENTS ACETAMINO
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drophilic/lipophilic balance. Other
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pharmacokinetic and toxicological p
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489 USE OF ‘OMICS DATA TO IMPROVE
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498 APPLICATION OF AGE-SPECIFIC ADJ
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507 A DOSE VOLUME TOLERABILITY STUD
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involved the use of an acute inflam
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sorption in the gastrointestinal (G
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(ABC) transporters actively transpo
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545 BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF REPIN IN
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a blood pressure phenotype that res
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and inhalation exposure system that
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and lethality associated with these
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position, on vascular reactivity an
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therefore more accurate and reprodu
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commercial chrysotile product that
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elative to their controls. ST-depre
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ats. The majority of the studies fo
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in the China Jintan Child Cohort St
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corneum thickness, cellular epiderm
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645 EVALUATION OF THE IN VITRO EPIS
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654 TCDD ADSORBED ONTO NATURAL AND
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tion revealed no test article-relat
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671 INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE DAMAGE
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model, ethanol was found to inhibit
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689 ENHANCED SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTION O
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NAC + LPS yielded different levels
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707 LIFE-STAGE PBPK MODELS FOR MULT
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downstream of the apical endpoint o
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726 UPDATED ALUMINUM PHARMACOKINETI
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global parameter sensitivity analys
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and renal inflammation induced by 2
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754 PLASMA, URINE, AND TISSUE CONCE
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cently characterized transporter OA
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exposure system was developed from
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lood cell mass and decrease in urin
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practical alternatives to MC in non
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imals dosed with 167 mg/kg THU alon
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and organ weights, clinical signs a
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yet is induced in most bladder and
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830 RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE SPILL: C
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knowledgebase creation. Results are
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852 UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURAL AND PH
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for integrating epidemiology and an
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motor activity, including age of th
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y partial purification of urine (fr
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pacity for self-renewal and may dif
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sue. The depth of our analysis led
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910 IMPLEMENTING CALIFORNIA’S GRE
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concentrations in six tissues and b
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934 THE FDA’S LIVER TOXICITY KNOW
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943 GENOME-WIDE DNA METHYLATION DIF
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membrane localization and subsequen
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trols, respectively. Subtoxic and t
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survival using both smoking regimes
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as non-, weak, moderate, or strong
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988 NNK-INDUCED CYTOKINE ALTERATION
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group (one-way ANOVA, p90 % viabili
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ered as an organ involved in xenobi
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Page 231 and 232: Results: MC was variable within and
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1484 NANOTOXICOLOGY AND NANOHEALTH
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throughput in vitro approach was us
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1502 IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AN AN
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(CIA) and the Streptococcal cell wa
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sitizers were 100% concordant among
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1530 MINIMAL RISK LEVELS FOR STYREN
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ical groups in the field of regulat
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vitro with this potentially insect-
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their performance on toxicological
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need for a better understanding of
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1577 AN IN VITRO MODEL SYSTEM FOR A
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gene expression post-transcriptiona
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1595 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF RAT
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to confirm a hepatotoxic property o
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1613 AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CLEARA
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its nuclear translocation was reduc
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were collected from TK animals at d
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egulated targets were selected for
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U/L after tetracycline. Minocycline
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peri-pubertal FasL-/- mice show a d
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showed similar levels of apoptosis
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1676 TWO BIOMARKERS FOR EVALUATION
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motifs selected. This system was ap
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1693 VOC SERUM LEVELS IN THE GENERA
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1702 DOES THE CLOCK MAKE THE POISON
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those with high nickel content are
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isk assessment. However, unique cha
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model of APAP metabolism and glutat
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logically & morphologically similar
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posure, blood chemistry was analyze
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elated to oxidative stress by measu
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ostasis), but work is needed to tra
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tokine products during carcinogenes
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ways as chemical stressors and, the
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toxicity of nanomaterials relates s
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1815 MEASURING COMPOUND SELECTIVITY
Page 395 and 396:
1825 EFFECTS OF METABOLISM BY INTES
Page 397 and 398:
cyanoacetic acid increased 2-3 fold
Page 399 and 400:
1845 IS THE PROMISCUITY OF THE ARYL
Page 401 and 402:
crorarray analysis. RT-PCR results
Page 403 and 404:
are a family of phase-II biotransfo
Page 405 and 406:
ous labs. As a result of positive s
Page 407 and 408:
down the doses may produce more tox
Page 409 and 410:
spectively. Below 100 mg/l of gemfi
Page 411 and 412:
1900 GENERATION OF PRECISION CUT LI
Page 413 and 414:
iomarkers or observation of lesions
Page 415 and 416:
creased reticulocytes and lymphocyt
Page 417 and 418:
statistically significant interacti
Page 419 and 420:
monize sample preparation and analy
Page 421 and 422:
NPC and sinonasal cancer in neighbo
Page 423 and 424:
showed incidences of lung and nasal
Page 425 and 426:
utylbenzenes, exhibited most simila
Page 427 and 428:
1975 DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION OF CYP
Page 429 and 430:
organic As to MMA(V) and a lower ca
Page 431 and 432:
ole in invasion and metastasis of c
Page 433 and 434:
3T3-L1 cells to low-levels of arsen
Page 435 and 436:
2011 IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL VX M
Page 437 and 438:
This work was supported by Cooperat
Page 439 and 440:
2029 EFFICACY OF ENDOTRACHEAL ADMIN
Page 441 and 442:
Diazepam injections and its combina
Page 443 and 444:
2047 ESTERASE ACTIVITIES AND HEMOST
Page 445 and 446:
nanoparticle-induced toxicity progr
Page 447 and 448:
house, were iv infused into rats ov
Page 449 and 450:
een explored. This study investigat
Page 451 and 452:
croscopic analysis revealed that on
Page 453 and 454:
egg yolk collected from turtles inh
Page 455 and 456:
consistency of results in both expe
Page 457 and 458:
2111 CYTOCHROME P450 3A5 GENOTYPE I
Page 459 and 460:
esidues of organophosphates or thei
Page 461 and 462:
manganism. Recent work from our lab
Page 463 and 464:
Aβ1-40 in CSF and hippocampus in P
Page 465 and 466:
2147 CATALASE MANIPULATIONS MODIFY
Page 467 and 468:
ation based on real-world exposure
Page 469 and 470:
NPs. Aggregation of citrate-stabili
Page 471 and 472:
2175 THE ROLE OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Page 473 and 474:
seen rapid uptake in biological ima
Page 475 and 476:
effect on uterine weight or vaginal
Page 477 and 478:
dicating widespread exposure. While
Page 479 and 480:
components into the liver parenchym
Page 481 and 482:
2223 ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF RIC
Page 483 and 484:
stored (-20 celsius degree). The co
Page 485 and 486:
2241 DDA, A BIOMARKER FOR ENVIRONME
Page 487 and 488:
2249 INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY SE
Page 489 and 490:
2258 PHARMACOKINETICS, EXCRETION BA
Page 491 and 492:
2267 SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC FLUORES
Page 493 and 494:
2276 METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION OF
Page 495 and 496:
ment of hypertension in companion a
Page 497 and 498:
for the propyl series can be used f
Page 499 and 500:
2304 IN VITRO EXPOSURE AND EVALUATI
Page 501 and 502:
2313 THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SODI
Page 503 and 504:
genes that play a crucial role in M
Page 505 and 506:
2330 THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWT
Page 507 and 508:
ined following up to 96 h continuou
Page 509 and 510:
effect doses obtained with the rat
Page 511 and 512:
diated transcriptional response of
Page 513 and 514:
docrine disruptor activities of EDC
Page 515 and 516:
individuals. Week 6 results were qu
Page 517 and 518:
functionality of photosystem II and
Page 519 and 520:
wild mice (Mus musculus) from areas
Page 521 and 522:
2406 TOXICITY AND BIOACCUMULATION O
Page 523 and 524:
Isocitric acid is the acid in the h
Page 525 and 526:
2425 EFFECTS OF FUMONISINS IN ETHAN
Page 527 and 528:
centration(μg/g) were: 5.1-95.3; 2
Page 529 and 530:
2445 AUTOPHAGY IN DEVELOPMENT: A LI
Page 531 and 532:
sures to inhaled Mn in dust. Nevert
Page 533 and 534:
2466 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ANIMAL
Page 535 and 536:
elationships predict that resting r
Page 537 and 538:
2489 COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF BIODIE
Page 539 and 540:
2497 TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF
Page 541 and 542:
2506 TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS O
Page 543 and 544:
launched with the aim of developing
Page 545 and 546:
forms mRNA expression levels were a
Page 547 and 548:
2534 CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN THE
Page 549 and 550:
wells (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, an
Page 551 and 552:
2553 AN ORGANOTYPIC MICROLIVER PLAT
Page 553 and 554:
serum-free media. At 24 hrs, the gr
Page 555 and 556:
2572 INCREASED ARSENIC BIOACCESSIBI
Page 557 and 558:
nology to develop improved methods.
Page 559 and 560:
tuna, swordfish, or mako shark (3.5
Page 561 and 562:
nificantly reduce circulating thyro
Page 563 and 564:
grouped into 9 observation periods
Page 565 and 566:
histopathological or biochemical ev
Page 567 and 568:
exhibited a hyperactive phenotype,
Page 569 and 570:
the search of effective drugs for e
Page 571 and 572:
2644 COVALENT BINDING OF 14 C 2-MET
Page 573 and 574:
aries targeting all transcription f
Page 575 and 576:
(p 9 weeks) and CSC phenotype acqui
Page 577 and 578:
2673 IMMUNE-MEDIATED VASCULAR INJUR
Page 579 and 580:
for risk identification and charact
Page 581 and 582:
to control toxicant delivery in tob
Page 583 and 584:
Author Index (Continued) The numera
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Keyword Index (Continued) Arsenite
Page 613 and 614:
Keyword Index (Continued) Covalent
Page 615 and 616:
Keyword Index (Continued) flow cyto
Page 617 and 618:
Keyword Index (Continued) innate im
Page 619 and 620:
Keyword Index (Continued) nanoparti
Page 621 and 622:
Keyword Index (Continued) preservat
Page 623 and 624:
Keyword Index (Continued) Thrombocy
Page 625 and 626:
Toxicological Sciences The Official
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