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these goals are examined below, with a view to establishing their possible links with migration. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger The various poverty indicators for achieving Goal 1 show that Nigeria still has a long way to go to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. The proportion of the country’s total population below the USD 1 purchasing power parity per day has been consistently high; however, it is now declining. Nigeria recorded 70.2 per cent in 2003, 70.8 per cent in 2005 and 64.4 per cent in 2007/2008 (UNDP, 2003, 2008, 2009). Furthermore, there has been an appreciable decrease in the poverty rate depicted by other poverty indicators. The relative measure of poverty, which increased sharply in 1980–1985 (28.1% to 46.3%) and 1992–1996 (42.7% to 65.6%), dropped to 54.4 per cent in 2004 (NBS, 2005a), as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. However, the national poverty gap ratio shows that the extent of poverty is still considerable, though levelling up from 32.1 per cent in 1996 to 29.6 per cent by 2004 (United Nations Statistics Division, 2009). Yet another poverty indicator is the quintile value. This is a measure of the consumption level of the poorest 20 per cent of the total population, with a low value of 5.1 per cent in 2004 (United Nations Statistics Division, 2009). Figure 1: Population living in poverty, 1980–2004 (in millions) Source: NBS, 2005a. In essence, Nigeria lags behind in achieving the goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Even though the indicators depict some kind of improvement, it can be inferred that there is still a gap in the life chances of 28 <strong>Migration</strong> in Nigeria: A Country <strong>Profile</strong> 2009
Nigerians that is likely to be a “push” factor in the emigration of persons out of Nigeria. Table 1: Trends in poverty level, 1980–2004 Year 1980 1985 1992 1996 2004 Poverty level (%) 28 46 43 66 54 Total population (est. in million) 65 75 92 102 126 Population in poverty (in million) 18 35 39 67 69 Source: NBS, 2005. Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women In addition, the goal of promoting gender equality and empowering women in Nigeria is challenging. This is evident when considering the gender disparity in the combined gross enrolment ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education, which was 56.2 per cent in 2005 (UNDP, 2008). Also, the share of women in the non-agricultural sector has been at an all time low, of 19.3, 20.1, 20.8, 21.0 and 21.1 per cent in 2001 to 2005, respectively (UN, 2006). However, this share is higher in the services sector (87%) compared to the lower percentage in industry (11%) (1995–2003) (UNDP, 2008). Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Moreover, although it is declining, the HIV prevalence rate 1 for 15–49-yearolds is high, being 5.0 per cent and 4.4 per cent in 2003 and 2005, respectively (UNAIDS, 2008; NACA, 2005). Worldwide, Nigeria ranks third in the total number of people infected with HIV/AIDS after India and South Africa. The estimated number of deaths resulting from HIV/AIDS has been increasing and rose from 130,000 in 2001 to 170,000 in 2007 (United Nations Statistics Division, 2009). Malaria is also a scourge to the population, even though its prevalence rate decreased from 1,726.99 to 1,157.85 per 100,000 persons from 2003 to 2004. The reported cases of malaria were 2.63, 3.37, 3.18, 3.55 and 4.95 million in 2003 to 2007, respectively. Some of these statistics and other data are shown in Table 8 (see annex). Out of these cases, the numbers and proportion of pregnant women aged 15 and above affected by Malaria are consistently increasing over time, as shown by the following statistics: 12,009 (0.46%), 73,838 (2.19%), 1 The HIV prevalence rate is the percentage of people living with HIV/AIDS in a given year. <strong>Migration</strong> in Nigeria: A Country <strong>Profile</strong> 2009 29
Page 1 and 2: This publication has been co-financ
Page 3: This publication has been co-financ
Page 7 and 8: conTenTs List of tables ...........
Page 9 and 10: list of tables Table 1: Trends in p
Page 11 and 12: acronyms AVR Assisted voluntary ret
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Over the past three years,
Page 15: NIGERIA - Basic facts Population (2
Page 18 and 19: Estimates made by the Development R
Page 20 and 21: Part of the problem is the lack of
Page 23 and 24: ésumé L’immigration au Nigéria
Page 25 and 26: 2007. Cet accroissement a eu lieu m
Page 27 and 28: En outre, ce projet de politique pr
Page 29: parT a: introduction Part A of the
Page 33: the gender difference was slight, b
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2: Population of Nigeria by
Page 38 and 39: the two census years, 1991 and 2006
Page 40 and 41: this report had been carried out be
Page 42 and 43: infrastructure, food security and a
Page 44 and 45: address existing problems that are
Page 46 and 47: school level has also been increasi
Page 49 and 50: parT c: analysis of the migration s
Page 51 and 52: 2000 and 2005 Nigeria recorded a 5.
Page 53 and 54: However, Table 7 indicates fluctuat
Page 55 and 56: Students No recent data on students
Page 57 and 58: pilgrimage, sexual exploitation, do
Page 59 and 60: Despite this, Table 7 and Table 25
Page 61 and 62: Students From 2000 to 2006, the num
Page 63 and 64: Trafficking and smuggling in person
Page 65 and 66: 2007 (CBN, 2007b), as shown in Tabl
Page 67 and 68: parT D: Factors driving migration D
Page 69: It is often less the lack of employ
Page 72 and 73: with a view to its finalization. Su
Page 74 and 75: of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Page 76 and 77: persons in Nigeria and, in 2009, un
Page 78 and 79: - drafting of bills and other legal
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- to strengthen and enhance effecti
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Despite the lack of an official coo
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The strategic approach used is desi
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Bilateral agreements The following
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created, they lack the appropriate
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parT F: evaluating the consequences
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parT g: conclusions g.1 main findin
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improved in order to promote a more
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(ECCAS) (for example, the 2001 ECOW
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eferences Aboderin, I. 2007 Context
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Docquier, F. and A. Bhargava 2006 M
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National Agency for the Prohibition
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Universal Basic Education Commissio
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annex: statistics Figure 8: Nationa
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Figure 12: Net period migration by
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Table 9: Tuberculosis prevalence ra
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Table 12: Population and migration
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Table 16: Graduate output: bachelor
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Table 19: Refugees in Nigeria by na
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Table 21: Distribution of employed
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Russian Federation 2 0 2 South Afri
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Table 29: Remittance inflows and an
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