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the two census years, 1991 and 2006 (the latter figure was provided by the Official Gazette of the Federal Government of February 2009). Therefore, the country has one of the fastest growing populations in the world. If the growth rate is sustained, Nigeria will double its population within only 22 to 25 years, depending on which of the two growth rates is applied. Fertility rate The high population growth rate is mostly due to a high fertility level. Nigeria records a high birth rate, which was 39.98 births per 1,000 people in 2008 (Library of Congress, 2008). Also, the total fertility rate is high; yet it decreased from 6.9 children per woman in 1970–75 to 5.8 in 2000–2005 (UNDP, 2008) and further still to an estimated 5.3 in 2005–2010 (UNDP, 2009). The high total fertility rate suggests that the population growth rate will remain high for some time to come, since the mothers of tomorrow have already been born. Mortality rate On the other hand, the crude death rate 6 has been low, with 16.41 deaths per 1,000 people by 2008. The infant mortality rate 7 is, however, more revealing of the deplorable health of the most vulnerable group: infants. Though declining, the infant mortality rate has always remained high. It was estimated at 133.3 per 1,000 live births in 1990–1995, but dropped to 113.8 per 1,000 live births in 2000–2005. Since then, it has been estimated that the situation is to further improve, with 109.4 deaths per 1,000 live births by the end of 2010 (UNPD, 2008). Also, the under-five mortality rate has been high at 221 and 187 per 1,000 live births in 1990–1995 and 2005–2010, respectively (UNPD, 2008). The high maternal mortality rate, which was 1,100 per 100,000 live births in 2000, completes the dismal health condition of the more vulnerable groups in the country (UNDP, 2008). Net migration The estimated numbers of international migrants were 447,411 (1990), 751,126 (2000) and 972,126 (2005), as indicated in Table 12 (see annex). However, over the years, the net migration rate has been negative, at -0.2, -0.2 and -0.3 per 1,000 people in 1995, 2000 and 2005, respectively. In essence, these 6 The crude death rate is the ratio of the number of deaths to the total population of the country. 7 The infant mortality rate is the percentage of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. 36 <strong>Migration</strong> in Nigeria: A Country <strong>Profile</strong> 2009
figures indicate that more people are moving out of the country as emigrants than those coming in as immigrants. This trend has been confirmed in recent years and will further increase in the future. In fact, in 2010 the net migration rate is projected to be -0.4 per 1,000 people. This percentage is quantifiable in 60,000 more emigrants than immigrants, which almost doubles the figures recorded in 2005 (UNPD, 2008). Naturalization of the foreign population Also, Table 3 indicates that the number of applications for special immigrant status is low, although showing an increasing trend between 2002 and 2007. However, the proportion of approvals to the number of applications has been low, being 39.5 and 26.6 per cent for 2007 to May 2008, respectively, as depicted in the table. In general, very few foreigners apply for and become Nigerian citizens by naturalization. 8 Table 3: Applications received and approved on naturalizations, SIS and renunciation, January 2000 to May 2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (a) Applications 54 63 74 158 101 62 98 160 67 Naturalization Approvals – – – – – – 193 88 Pending approval Special Applications 5 13 10 15 23 19 35 38 7 immigrant status (b) Approvals – – – – 12 (c) 7 (c) 8 (c) 15 11 Renunciation Applications Approvals 21 – 8 – 5 – 5 – 14 – 19 1 5 6 11 3 3 3 Total 80 84 89 178 150 108 345 315 91 Source: Information provided by a member of the technical working group established under the National <strong>Migration</strong> <strong>Profile</strong> Project, Nigeria. Notes: (a) Figures refer only to cases registered until May 2008. (b) Special immigrant status (SIS) is granted to non-Nigerian spouses of citizens of Nigeria who do not wish to acquire Nigerian citizenship. (c) Estimates deduced from files opened in that period. b.2 economic environment Main macroeconomic indicators The data on the main macroeconomic indicators primarily refer to the period before the current global economic crisis, as much of the research for 8 Information provided by a member of the technical working group established under the National <strong>Migration</strong> <strong>Profile</strong> Project, Nigeria. <strong>Migration</strong> in Nigeria: A Country <strong>Profile</strong> 2009 37
Page 1 and 2: This publication has been co-financ
Page 3: This publication has been co-financ
Page 7 and 8: conTenTs List of tables ...........
Page 9 and 10: list of tables Table 1: Trends in p
Page 11 and 12: acronyms AVR Assisted voluntary ret
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Over the past three years,
Page 15: NIGERIA - Basic facts Population (2
Page 18 and 19: Estimates made by the Development R
Page 20 and 21: Part of the problem is the lack of
Page 23 and 24: ésumé L’immigration au Nigéria
Page 25 and 26: 2007. Cet accroissement a eu lieu m
Page 27 and 28: En outre, ce projet de politique pr
Page 29 and 30: parT a: introduction Part A of the
Page 31 and 32: Nigerians that is likely to be a
Page 33: the gender difference was slight, b
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2: Population of Nigeria by
Page 40 and 41: this report had been carried out be
Page 42 and 43: infrastructure, food security and a
Page 44 and 45: address existing problems that are
Page 46 and 47: school level has also been increasi
Page 49 and 50: parT c: analysis of the migration s
Page 51 and 52: 2000 and 2005 Nigeria recorded a 5.
Page 53 and 54: However, Table 7 indicates fluctuat
Page 55 and 56: Students No recent data on students
Page 57 and 58: pilgrimage, sexual exploitation, do
Page 59 and 60: Despite this, Table 7 and Table 25
Page 61 and 62: Students From 2000 to 2006, the num
Page 63 and 64: Trafficking and smuggling in person
Page 65 and 66: 2007 (CBN, 2007b), as shown in Tabl
Page 67 and 68: parT D: Factors driving migration D
Page 69: It is often less the lack of employ
Page 72 and 73: with a view to its finalization. Su
Page 74 and 75: of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Page 76 and 77: persons in Nigeria and, in 2009, un
Page 78 and 79: - drafting of bills and other legal
Page 80 and 81: - to strengthen and enhance effecti
Page 82 and 83: Despite the lack of an official coo
Page 84 and 85: The strategic approach used is desi
Page 86 and 87: Bilateral agreements The following
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created, they lack the appropriate
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parT F: evaluating the consequences
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parT g: conclusions g.1 main findin
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improved in order to promote a more
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(ECCAS) (for example, the 2001 ECOW
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eferences Aboderin, I. 2007 Context
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Docquier, F. and A. Bhargava 2006 M
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National Agency for the Prohibition
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Universal Basic Education Commissio
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annex: statistics Figure 8: Nationa
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Figure 12: Net period migration by
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Table 9: Tuberculosis prevalence ra
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Table 12: Population and migration
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Table 16: Graduate output: bachelor
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Table 19: Refugees in Nigeria by na
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Table 21: Distribution of employed
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Russian Federation 2 0 2 South Afri
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Table 29: Remittance inflows and an
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