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24 per cent of the total emigration population, followed by the United States (14%) and the United Kingdom (9%) (see Figure 6) (DRC, 2007). Estimates of foreign-born Nigerians in OECD countries based on de Haas’ (2006) calculations from an OECD database give the following: France (2,563); United Kingdom (88,378); Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal (26,435); other European countries (22,361); North America (150,917); and Japan, Australia and New Zealand (3,190). The data sources are population censuses/population registers, mostly dating back to 2000–2001. Moreover, the breakdown by region of destination in 2007 shows that sub-Saharan Africa is the leading region, followed by Europe and Central Asia, North America, the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Figure 6: Nigerian emigrants by country of destination, 2000 (%) Source: DRC, 2007. Note: These estimates are based on 2000 Census Round data (1995–2005). In general, it can be said that African countries absorb most of the emigration flows, even though European countries and the United States are preferred, at least by educated Nigerian emigrants. Data on emigrant flows are equated with those on the departure of people from Nigeria. Departure data are based on the information supplied on the cards filled out by travellers at the country’s official exit points. Since data on departures were not cross tabulated with the duration of stay, the data generated can serve only as passenger flows, as stated earlier with regard to data on arrivals. 56 <strong>Migration</strong> in Nigeria: A Country <strong>Profile</strong> 2009
Despite this, Table 7 and Table 25 (see annex) show that an increasing total number of emigrants are leaving the country. In 1991, 458,222 people left (NPC, 1991); more recently, the number doubled to 1,147,228 in 2005 and 2,637,164 in 2006 (NIS, 2009), as depicted in Table 7. The phenomenal increase in recent times is indicative of greater outflows than ever before. Gender-wise, Table 25 indicates the predominance of males (71.5%) in emigration flows as of 1991. The gender disparity was very prominent among adult men and women aged between 25 and 44, with 42.6 and 16.1 per cent, respectively (NPC, 1991). c.2.2 Types of emigrants Refugees/Asylum-seekers After a peak in 2002, the numbers of refugees decreased substantially in 2006, falling from 24,568 to 13,253. Since then, the number has remained stable, although high, with 13,902 and 14,168 in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2008, OECD countries were the largest recipients of Nigerian refugees, with Canada (2,882 people) being followed by the United Kingdom (2,049), Italy (1,454), Germany (1,237) and the United States (1,011). Regarding the African continent, Cameroon is the most important destination, with 2,872 Nigerian refugees. ECOWAS countries do not play a significant role in the Nigerian refugee outflow, hosting just 1.5 per cent of the total refugee population (UNHCR, 2009). In contrast, the number of asylum-seekers has been sharply increasing in the last two years. In 2008, over 15,000 people sought asylum abroad, up from 8,294 in 2006 and 10,148 in 2007 (UNHCR, 2009), as shown in Table 26 (see annex). European countries remain the most targeted destinations for Nigerian asylum-seekers with Italy, Ireland and Switzerland in the first three positions with 5,673, 1,009 and 988 asylum-seekers, respectively, recorded in 2008. In 2003, Nigerians were among the top five nationalities among the refugee population in Ireland and by 2006 they represented 24 per cent of all asylum-seekers in Ireland (NESC/IOM, 2006). Labour migrants Nigeria is less affected by skilled emigration than other ECOWAS countries. Nevertheless, the emigration rate of highly skilled Nigerians remains high and is increasing over time. According to Docquier and Marfouk (2006), in 2000, 10.7 per cent of highly skilled Nigerians trained in the country worked <strong>Migration</strong> in Nigeria: A Country <strong>Profile</strong> 2009 57
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This publication has been co-financ
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This publication has been co-financ
Page 7 and 8: conTenTs List of tables ...........
Page 9 and 10: list of tables Table 1: Trends in p
Page 11 and 12: acronyms AVR Assisted voluntary ret
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Over the past three years,
Page 15: NIGERIA - Basic facts Population (2
Page 18 and 19: Estimates made by the Development R
Page 20 and 21: Part of the problem is the lack of
Page 23 and 24: ésumé L’immigration au Nigéria
Page 25 and 26: 2007. Cet accroissement a eu lieu m
Page 27 and 28: En outre, ce projet de politique pr
Page 29 and 30: parT a: introduction Part A of the
Page 31 and 32: Nigerians that is likely to be a
Page 33: the gender difference was slight, b
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2: Population of Nigeria by
Page 38 and 39: the two census years, 1991 and 2006
Page 40 and 41: this report had been carried out be
Page 42 and 43: infrastructure, food security and a
Page 44 and 45: address existing problems that are
Page 46 and 47: school level has also been increasi
Page 49 and 50: parT c: analysis of the migration s
Page 51 and 52: 2000 and 2005 Nigeria recorded a 5.
Page 53 and 54: However, Table 7 indicates fluctuat
Page 55 and 56: Students No recent data on students
Page 57: pilgrimage, sexual exploitation, do
Page 61 and 62: Students From 2000 to 2006, the num
Page 63 and 64: Trafficking and smuggling in person
Page 65 and 66: 2007 (CBN, 2007b), as shown in Tabl
Page 67 and 68: parT D: Factors driving migration D
Page 69: It is often less the lack of employ
Page 72 and 73: with a view to its finalization. Su
Page 74 and 75: of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Page 76 and 77: persons in Nigeria and, in 2009, un
Page 78 and 79: - drafting of bills and other legal
Page 80 and 81: - to strengthen and enhance effecti
Page 82 and 83: Despite the lack of an official coo
Page 84 and 85: The strategic approach used is desi
Page 86 and 87: Bilateral agreements The following
Page 88 and 89: created, they lack the appropriate
Page 91 and 92: parT F: evaluating the consequences
Page 93 and 94: parT g: conclusions g.1 main findin
Page 95 and 96: improved in order to promote a more
Page 97 and 98: (ECCAS) (for example, the 2001 ECOW
Page 99 and 100: eferences Aboderin, I. 2007 Context
Page 101 and 102: Docquier, F. and A. Bhargava 2006 M
Page 103 and 104: National Agency for the Prohibition
Page 105 and 106: Universal Basic Education Commissio
Page 107 and 108: annex: statistics Figure 8: Nationa
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 12: Net period migration by
Page 111 and 112:
Table 9: Tuberculosis prevalence ra
Page 113 and 114:
Table 12: Population and migration
Page 115 and 116:
Table 16: Graduate output: bachelor
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Table 19: Refugees in Nigeria by na
Page 119 and 120:
Table 21: Distribution of employed
Page 121 and 122:
Russian Federation 2 0 2 South Afri
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Table 29: Remittance inflows and an
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