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Table 2.5 Performance of Various Kinds of Dry Anaerobic Digesters Substrate Feed TS (%) Food wastes SS- OFMSW Reactor Type Reactor Size 20 Batch Lab 8L 20 Batch Lab 5L OFMSW 16 c Batch Lab 35L Municipal 35 Batch with Lab solid paddle 40L waste mixer Horse 15-30 Batch with Lab dung with straw percolation 57L Corn 22 Batch Lab stover 2L Wheat 22 Batch Lab straw from horse bed 1L Cow 15-16 Batch Lab manure + Sludge 2.5L SS- 20 Continuous Pilot OFMSW CSTR 3m 3 , 1 OFMSW 20 Continuous CSTR m 3 Pilot 3m 3 Temperature (°C) Retention Time (d) 28 OLR (kg VS/m 3 d) SMP LCH4/kg VS CH4 (%) VS Reduction Reference 37 33 - 367 90 Cho et al, (1995) 55 60 - - - 45 Forster- Carneiro, 2008b 30 32 - 273 64.6 26.1 Dong et al., (2010) 37 35 - 200 - - Guendouz et al., (2010) 35 42 - 170 51- 53 37 40 - 223 e 50- 60 37 30 - 150 55- 60 35 63 - 328 65.1 7 55 11.6 12.1 490 d 44 -49 Kusch et al., (2008) 44.4 Zhu et al., (2010) - Cui et al., (2011) 54.80 Li et al., (2011) - 59.3 Pavan et al., (2000) 55 13.5 9.2 230 68.7 - Bolzonella et al.,(2003)
Substrate Feed TS (%) Reactor Type Reactor Size Temperature (°C) Retention Time (d) 29 OLR (kg VS/m 3 d) SMP LCH4/kg VS CH4 (%) VS Reduction Reference MS 18 Continuous Lab 55 19 9.65 342 -OFMSW 4.8L b 59 65 Gallert and Winter, (1997) sim 30 Semi Lab 55 15 11.8 97 OFMSW continuous 5L b - 89 Fdez-Guelfo et al., (2011) FW + 30 Contnuous Lab 35 30-100 10 Paper with lateral 60L waste impeller a 250 - 80 Kim and Oh, (2011) OFMSW 25-30 Continuous Lab 55 25-40 4.42-7.5 300 CSTR 4.5L e 50 80 Montero et al., (2008) Maize - Continuous Lab 55 - 12.7 182 44.1 88.7 Mumme et al., silage + UASS, 26.5L (2010) Barley Magnetic straw stirring Sewage 20 Continuous Lab 35 12 8.5 190 64.9 29 Duan et al., sludge , CSTR 6L (2012) CSTR: Continuously stirred tank reactor SHW: Slaughter house waste FW: Food waste, MS-OFMSW: Mechanically sorted OFMSW SS-OFMSW: Source sorted OFMSW UASS: Upflow anaerobic solid-state reactor a 3 The value given is of solid loading rate (i.e. kg TS/m d). b Calculated by dividing methane production rate (L CH4/Lreactor vol..d) by OLR (g VS/Lreactor vol.d). c TS in reactor medium d Specific gas production (SGP) e The unit here is LCH4/kg COD f Calculated considering 60% methane content
Page 1 and 2: DRY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MUNICIPA
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Global solid waste generat
Page 5 and 6: 2.9 Characteristics of Digestates 3
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1
Page 9 and 10: 4.20 Layout of conceptual decentral
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 Background Chapter 1 Introducti
Page 13 and 14: The specific objectives of this res
Page 15 and 16: scale plants of the two processes i
Page 17 and 18: acetogens play their part to run th
Page 19 and 20: In dry anaerobic digestion, recycli
Page 21 and 22: process is inhibited and at that po
Page 23 and 24: eported, which increased with time,
Page 25 and 26: acids and increased downfall of pat
Page 27 and 28: performance of a poorly mixed (1 rp
Page 29 and 30: conventional low-solid system at th
Page 31 and 32: supply of the nutrients missing in
Page 33 and 34: 2.6.2 Single-stage continuous syste
Page 35 and 36: single stage systems are DRANCO, Va
Page 37: of the solid content around 23% TS
Page 41 and 42: Second is that it has a high water
Page 43 and 44: 2.9 Characteristics of Digestates D
Page 45 and 46: For instance, Mumme et al., (2010)
Page 47 and 48: Comparison of liquid and solid dige
Page 49 and 50: 2.10 Management Aspects of Anaerobi
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.11 Changing parameters dur
Page 53 and 54: amount of anaerobic fermentation re
Page 55 and 56: 3.1 Inoculum and Simulations of Was
Page 57 and 58: ed pump, water circulating jacket,
Page 59 and 60: the reactor was increased from 35°
Page 61 and 62: parts (wt/wt bas is) of digestate c
Page 63 and 64: Sand drying bed (SDB) is simple, ea
Page 65 and 66: 3.4.4 Estimation of GHG emissions i
Page 67 and 68: d) Calculation methods i) CH4 emiss
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.5 Analytical Methods for Va
Page 71 and 72: Biogas production 100X (NmL) Specif
Page 73 and 74: (i.e. 5.2 and 3.04 respectively, pl
Page 75 and 76: getting affected with the presence
Page 77 and 78: feedstock 2 is considered as a sudd
Page 79 and 80: 8.0) at most of the above said time
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.2 Surplus Energy of ITDAR D
Page 83 and 84: VFA 100 X (mg/L) VFA/Alk ratio 200
Page 85 and 86: the VFA concentration increased to
Page 87 and 88: The increase in GPR was almost line
Page 89 and 90:
Based on our results, the best oper
Page 91 and 92:
Based on this property of digestate
Page 93 and 94:
Table 4.5. With curing of digestate
Page 95 and 96:
application (after curing) in CH 4
Page 97 and 98:
digestion, etc. Moreover, mixing of
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 4.20 Layout of conceptual de
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommend
Page 103 and 104:
5.2 Recommendations Following are t
Page 105 and 106:
References Abdullahi, Y. A., Akunna
Page 107 and 108:
Cengel, Y.A. (2003). Heat Transfer
Page 109 and 110:
Forster-Carneiro, T., Pérez, M., R
Page 111 and 112:
Kaparaju, P., Buendia, I., Ellegaar
Page 113 and 114:
Liu, C., Yuan, X., Zeng, G., Li, W.
Page 115 and 116:
Paavola, T. and Rintala, J. (2008).
Page 117 and 118:
Stroot, P. G., McMahon, K. D., Mack
Page 119 and 120:
Zeshan, Karthikeyan, O. P. and Visv
Page 121 and 122:
Fruit and vegetable Waste Closer to
Page 123 and 124:
Figure A-5 Sand drying bed for dewa
Page 125 and 126:
Assumptions Size of the community:
Page 127 and 128:
The flow rate of 0.569 m 3 biogas/h
Page 129 and 130:
Area for 910 kg dry solids = 910 (k
Page 131 and 132:
= 280 m 3 /d x 0.000717 tons/m 3 (D
Page 133 and 134:
Table C-1 Operational Parameters of
Page 135 and 136:
Run Time GPR % CO2 % CH4 Methane Yi
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix D Data of Phase II Pilot E
Page 139 and 140:
Table D-3 Characteristics of Feed a
Page 141 and 142:
Methodology Methodology for for Ene
Page 143 and 144:
Q = Heat transfer rate or heat loss
Page 145:
Calculation of GHG Emission Potenti
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