dry anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste and digestate ...

2.9 Characteristics of Digestates 33
2.9.1 Characteristics of solid digestates 33
2.9.2 Characteristics of liquid digestates 35
2.9.3 Presence of organic pollutants 37
2.9.4 Presence of heavy metals 38
2.9.5 GHG emission potential of digestate 38
2.10 Management Aspects of Anaerobic Digestate 39
2.10.1 Separation of liquid and solid digestate 39
2.10.2 Direct land application of liquid digestate 40
2.10.3 Aerobic post-treatment of solid digestate and its effects on 40
quality
2.10.4 Digestate storage and its effects on characteristics 41
2.11 Post Utilization Monitoring Issues of Anaerobic Digestate 42
2.11.1 Effect of digestate application on soil 42
2.11.2 Influence of digestate application on plant growth and health 42
2.12 Research Needs for the Dissertation 43
3 Methodology 44
3.1 Inoculum and Simulations of Waste 45
3.1.1 Inoculum for anaerobic digestion experiments 45
3.1.2 Simulations of waste 45
3.2 Experimental Set-up 46
3.2.1 Experimental set-up for gas formation potential test 46
3.2.2 Experimental set-up for pilot-scale experiments 46
3.3 Experimental Conditions 47
3.3.1 Experimental conditions for gas formation potential test 47
3.3.2 Experimental conditions for Phase I pilot experiment 48
3.3.3 Experimental conditions for Phase II pilot experiment 50
3.4 Digestate Management and GHG Emissions Estimation (Phase III) 51
3.4.1 Storage of digestate 52
3.4.2 Dewatering of digestate 52
3.4.3 Curing of dewatered digestate 53
3.4.4 Estimation of GHG emissions in the digestate management
system
55
3.5 Analytical Methods 58
4 Results and Discussion 60
4.1 Gas Formation Potential of Waste 60
4.2 Effect of C/N Ratio and Ammonia-N Accumulation on ITDAR
(Results of Phase I Pilot Experiment)
62
4.2.1 Performance of ITDAR during start-up and continuous
operations
63
4.2.2 Effect of C/N ratio and ammonia-N accumulation in ITDAR 65
4.2.3 Summary of the effect of ammonia-N accumulation in ITDAR 68
4.2.4 Energy balance of ITDAR in Phase I pilot experiment 70
4.3 Optimization of a Pilot-Scale Thermophilic Dry Anaerobic Digester
(Results of Phase II Pilot Experiment)
71
4.3.1 Start-up of ITDAR in phase II pilot experiment 71
4.3.2 Stability parameters of ITDAR: Effect of organic loading rate 74
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